Download Rock Classification and Cycle

Rocks vs. Minerals
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What is the difference between a rock and a
mineral?
A mineral is ...
It is composed of ______________________
_________________ (i.e. mercury, copper, gold, diamond).
A mineral is _________________
(formed from materials other than plants or animals)
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There are over __________ minerals
Rocks vs. Minerals
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What is the difference between a rock and a
mineral?
A rock is...
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Some rocks are made up of ______________
(i.e. pure marble is made of calcite)
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Some rocks are made up of ______________
__________ (i.e. granite is made up of quartz, feldspar and mica)
Categories of Rocks
Rocks are the building blocks of all land
formations on Earth. They can be divided into
three distinct categories…
1.
2.
3.
 Igneous Rock is…
 Igneous Rock has been given the name
______________ for this reason.
 Granite is a very popular form of this type of
rock. The _____________________________
__________________ are composed mostly of
this type of rock.
 Magma cooling deep within the earth at a
very slow rate allows ___________________
___________________.
 Magma cooling near the surface at a quick rate
___________________________.
 Igneous Rock comes in two forms…
 Extrusive Igneous is …
 Intrusive Igneous is …
 Through the process of
weathering, solid rock is…
Wind, streams and rivers are
then able to carry these smaller
rocks and sediment to…
 After thousands to millions
of years have passed many
meters of these sediments are…
 They form many unique
landscapes that are popular for
recreational activities such as…
Sandstone formation at the Obed River
Gorge in Tennesee.
 If the sediments were composed
of clay or mud, then resulting
sedimentary rock was __________.
 If the sediments were sand, then
__________ was formed.
 Leaf imprints or the shells of
marine life embedded in sedimentary
stone are examples of __________.
Sandstone formation at the Obed River
Gorge in Tennesee.
 The shells of dead sea animals
have formed the __________ and
___________ we see today.
 The term metamorphic means…
When igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic
rock are exposed to ______________________
_________________ they change into
metamorphic rock.
 Changes in the temperature and pressure
conditions cause minerals in the rock to…
Marble is an example of a
metamorphic rock which develops
from …
Shale becomes ___________.
Quartz becomes __________.
Granite turns into _________.
The Rock Cycle
http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/rkcycle/rkcycleindex.html
The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
Liquid (molten) rock material solidifies at depth or at the earth's surface to form
IGNEOUS ROCKS . Because magma is liquid and usually less dense than
surrounding solid rock, it moves upward to cooler regions of the Earth
Uplift and exposure of rocks at the Earth's surface destabilizes these mineral
structures. The minerals break down into smaller grains which are transported
and deposited as sediments. The sediments are lithified (compacted and
cemented), and SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are formed.
Changes in temperature, pressure, and/or rock or fluid chemistry can allow
igneous and sedimentary rocks to change physically or chemically to form
METAMORPHIC ROCKS. At higher temperatures, metamorphic (or any other
rock type) rocks may be partially melted, and crystallization of this melt will
create igneous rocks. Uplift and erosion can expose all rock types at the surface,
re-initiating the cycle.”
http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/rock_cycle/rockcycle.html
THE END
Rock Identification
Taking a Closer Look at Rocks!
Be careful where you step. Be careful how you walk. With each step you take, you are being
supported by a foundation of rocks. Rocks that are old, rocks that are young, rocks that are small,
rocks that are big, rocks that are sharp, rocks that are smooth, rocks that are colourful.
The three categories of rocks we have been studying are…
IGNEOUS ROCK
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
With your knowledge of rocks in mind, your task will be to observe at least six different types of
rocks and classify them as either igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. To do this you will need
to answer the questions below for each of your rock specimens. Once you have filled in the chart,
refer to the “Decision Tree Sheet” where you will work through a process that will help you in
your classification process. Once you believe you have identified your specimen, you must place it
in the proper rock circle.
Rock Identification
Rock 1
Rock 2
Rock 3
Rock 4
Rock 5
Rock 6
Rock 7
Optional
Rock Colour
Texture Description
Does the specimen smudge or
smear?
Can you see minerals or crystals
inside?
Are the grains loosely held?
Does the specimen have distinct
layers?
Is the specimen fine grained?
Does the specimen break into
flat pieces?
Is the specimen shiny?
Does the specimen have
bubbles?
To classify as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic move to the “Decision Tree”.
Rock 8
Optional
Rock Identification
Are the grains loosely held?
START
YES
YES
Sandstone (Sedimentary)
NO
Gneiss (Metamorphic)
Does the specimen
have distinct
layers?
YES
YES
YES
Schist (Metamorphic)
Is the specimen shiny?
Does the specimen break
NO
Shale (Sedimentary)
into pieces?
NO
NO
Limestone (Sedimentary)
Is the specimen fine grained?
YES
Basalt (Igneous)
NO
Granite (Igneous)
NODoes the specimen have bubbles?
Rock
Classification
Rock 1
Rock 2
Rock 3
Rock 4
Rock 5
Rock 6
Rock 7
Rock 8