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Chapter 10
Weathering and Soil Formation
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CRCT Preparation
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Chapter 10
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1. Water chemically breaks down rock because
A water expands when it freezes.
B acids in the water react with chemicals in the rock.
C materials dissolved in the water are deposited.
D water is not affected by wind.
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Chapter 10
CRCT Preparation
1. Water chemically breaks down rock because
A water expands when it freezes.
B acids in the water react with chemicals in the rock.
C materials dissolved in the water are deposited.
D water is not affected by wind.
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Chapter 10
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2. The component of soil that is made up of organic
material is called
A abrasion.
B humus.
C bedrock.
D leaching.
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Chapter 10
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2. The component of soil that is made up of organic
material is called
A abrasion.
B humus.
C bedrock.
D leaching.
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3. Which of the following areas would experience the
most weathering?
A an area with high winds, significant rain, hot summers,
and freezing winters
B an area with heavy rains, constant temperatures, and
gentle winds
C an area with constant heat, minimal rain, and high
winds
D all areas are subject to the same amounts of
weathering
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Chapter 10
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3. Which of the following areas would experience the
most weathering?
A an area with high winds, significant rain, hot summers,
and freezing winters
B an area with heavy rains, constant temperatures, and
gentle winds
C an area with constant heat, minimal rain, and high
winds
D all areas are subject to the same amounts of
weathering
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Chapter 10
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4. The dissolving of rock by acids that occur naturally in
water
A is known as acid precipitation.
B is known as oxidation.
C is known as chemical weathering.
D causes most of the mechanical weathering of rocks.
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Chapter 10
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4. The dissolving of rock by acids that occur naturally in
water
A is known as acid precipitation.
B is known as oxidation.
C is known as chemical weathering.
D causes most of the mechanical weathering of rocks.
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5. Which of the following statements describes how a
rock changes after it is in a riverbed for a long time?
A The rock rapidly breaks into smaller pieces.
B Chunks of the rock break off, and the rock becomes
rougher.
C The edges of the rock are worn away, so its surface
becomes smoother.
D The rock absorbs water from the riverbed and becomes
softer.
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Chapter 10
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5. Which of the following statements describes how a
rock changes after it is in a riverbed for a long time?
A The rock rapidly breaks into smaller pieces.
B Chunks of the rock break off, and the rock becomes
rougher.
C The edges of the rock are worn away, so its surface
becomes smoother.
D The rock absorbs water from the riverbed and becomes
softer.
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Chapter 10
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Use the picture to answer question 6.
6. The picture shows the process
of mechanical weathering that
can cause cracks in rocks in
Georgia’s northern mountains to
widen. What is this process
called ?
A abrasion
B dissolution
C ice wedging
D oxidation
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Chapter 10
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Use the picture to answer question 6.
6. The picture shows the process
of mechanical weathering that
can cause cracks in rocks in
Georgia’s northern mountains to
widen. What is this process
called ?
A abrasion
B dissolution
C ice wedging
D oxidation
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Chapter 10
CRCT Preparation
7. Why does air chemically weather rock?
A The air molecules are abrasive.
B Air fills cracks in the rock and later expands, causing
the cracks to enlarge.
C The oxygen in the air combines with elements in the
rock in a process called oxidation.
D The rock wears away after wind blows sand against
the rock.
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Chapter 10
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7. Why does air chemically weather rock?
A The air molecules are abrasive.
B Air fills cracks in the rock and later expands, causing
the cracks to enlarge.
C The oxygen in the air combines with elements in the
rock in a process called oxidation.
D The rock wears away after wind blows sand against
the rock.
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Chapter 10
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8. Which of the following is an everyday example of a
chemical phenomenon?
A Fast moving river water rushes over rocks.
B Organic acids produced by lichens break down rock.
C Rocks tumble down a mountain during a rockslide.
D Ice forms in a crack in a rock and makes the crack
larger.
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Chapter 10
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8. Which of the following is an everyday example of a
chemical phenomenon?
A Fast moving river water rushes over rocks.
B Organic acids produced by lichens break down rock.
C Rocks tumble down a mountain during a rockslide.
D Ice forms in a crack in a rock and makes the crack
larger.
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Chapter 10
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9. Which human activities can help prevent soil erosion?
A planting cover crops and employing contour plowing
methods
B strip mining and deforestation
C building cities and highways
D growing crops and burning fossil fuels
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9. Which human activities can help prevent soil erosion?
A planting cover crops and employing contour plowing
methods
B strip mining and deforestation
C building cities and highways
D growing crops and burning fossil fuels
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Chapter 10
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10. Naomi made the pie graph during a
laboratory experiment in which she
analyzed the composition of loam found in
Georgia. Based on this chart, which of the
following is a valid conclusion?
A Approximately 95% of the material that
makes up loam is useless to plants.
B Decayed organic matter is the least
abundant component of loam.
C Only about 9% of loam’s composition is
useful to plants.
D Only about 16% of loam’s composition
is useful to plants.
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Chapter 10
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10. Naomi made the pie graph during a
laboratory experiment in which she
analyzed the composition of loam found in
Georgia. Based on this chart, which of the
following is a valid conclusion?
A Approximately 95% of the material that
makes up loam is useless to plants.
B Decayed organic matter is the least
abundant component of loam.
C Only about 9% of loam’s composition is
useful to plants.
D Only about 16% of loam’s composition
is useful to plants.
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Chapter 10
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11. The soil of the Southern Piedmont areas of Georgia is
thin and low in nutrients. Much of this terrain was cleared
at one time for lumber, fuel, and agricultural land. This
led to negative environmental impacts. Why might
farmers move from one plot of this land to another, and
how might this movement increase the negative
environmental impact?
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11. Answer - Full credit answers should include the
following points:
• Because the soil is low in nutrients, farmers move to
new plots in search of fertile soil to farm.
• Abandoning the land after farming increases erosion, so
moving from one plot to another spreads the negative
impact to more areas.
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12. Why is the soil of tropical rain forests thin and
nutrient-poor?
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12. Answer - Full credit answers should include the
following points:
• Heavy rains leach nutrients from the topsoil.
• The lush vegetation of a rain forest creates a great
demand for nutrients.
• Trees and other plants naturally deplete the soil of
nutrients.
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