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Unit 2 – Coping with the pressure Conflict at the coast •Examine how development and use of the coast leads to conflict and competition for space •Explain why the geology of the Dorset coast is significant •Describe the effect of geology on landforms in Dorset and give named examples of different landforms •Use a conflict matrix to explain how World Heritage status can lead to conflict •Describe the problems that tourism can cause •Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the Boscombe surf reef Development and use of the coast • Competition for land often results in conflict What does this mean? Development and its consequences Time Competition for space • Until demand begins to exceed supply usually competing users share land. • Those that can pay the most occupy the sites that best suits them. • Tourism, heavy industry, agriculture and fishing compete for coast space. • Competition will result in some conflict. Conflict matrix of coastal users • Quarrying is the least compatible. • Commerce (like administration and finance) is the most compatible land use as it is needed by most, if mot all of the other users. • Perhaps the most vulnerable of the land uses is the nature reserves, where there is significant aesthetic, historical, archaeological or geological value. Compatability matrix for coastal tourism and recreation Stakeholders • These are individuals, groups or organisations that have an interest in the development or outcomes of a particular project. They may be involved financially or emotionally. Conflict and Tourism: Jurassic coastline – a World Heritage site in Dorset and East Devon jurassic.flv The Jurassic Coast • 150km from East Devon to Dorset has become Britain’s first World Heritage Site due to its geologically significance • Rocks are described as a ‘journey through time’ as they span the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (ie from 250 million to 65 million years ago). • There are sand dunes and sandy beaches as well as small isolated bays and dramatic plunging cliffs. • Many ammonite fossils are visible as the coast erodes away Ammonite • The World Heritage status extends from the cliff top to the low watermark • It does not include the developed waterfronts of the towns along the way eg Swanage, Weymouth • See Oxford Dorset photocopy Lulworth The East side of Lulworth Cove Durdle Door Stairhole Rock Structure/Geology There are 2 main types of coasts: • 1) Concordant Coast • 2) Discordant Coast • They are determined by rock structure (geology) and form where there are alternate bands of resistant and less resistant rock. Concordant Coasts eg Lulworth Cove • Occur where the rock structure is parallel to the coast. • Hard bands of rocks protect the softer rocks from erosion. • (If there is local tectonic movements or sea level change (eustatic) then islands may form when separated from the mainland by drowned valleys eg Croatia’s Dalmation Coast) Discordant Coasts eg Swanage • Occur where the coast ‘cuts across’ the rock structure. Eg Swanage Bay. • Bands of differing rock type that run perpendicular to the coast at a right angle. • Headlands and bays occur on discordant coastlines due to the variation in rock type hard rock (more resistant) outcrops named headlands and soft (less resistant) eroded rock forming bays between two headlands. Identify? What are these called? Match up Kimmeridge Bay Durdle Door Lulworth Cove Page 183 Oxford make note on geology of Dorset’s coast What is the main factor affecting these landforms? How does it affect landforms? Ecology • What does this mean? • Why is Dorset important ecologically? • Page 182 Oxford photocopy Physical and Human links? • Why have the physical landforms along the Jurassic Coast lead to the area being a hotspot for tourists? • Why are they attracted to this coastline? Why conflict exists? • From page 184 – why does conflict exist? What conflicts can occur? • Using the conflict matrix and p.184/185 identify potential conflicts with explanation of your decisions Dorset County Council Dorset County Council English Heritage Conservationists Ecologists English Heritage Conservationists Ecologists Protection of the Jurassic Coastline • P 178 Pearson • P 246-248 Philip Allan Further Conflict? – Boscombe surf reef Boscombe Artificial Reef • Completed in 2008 on 1 hectare of land • Forces waves to break out at sea due to placement of geotextile sand bags. • £1.1 million cost approximately • Surf waves produced at 4m high • Attracts 10 000 surfers/year • Expected earnings of £10 million per year Task p216-217 Philip Allan See the article entitled ‘Is the surf reef good for Boscombe?’ Social Economic Environmental Costs Benefits Was the surf reef the right way forward? Plenary • What are the problems that tourists cause along the Jurassic coastline Homework part 2 Write a report of about 750 words entitled ‘The difficulties faced by managing Dorset’s Heritage Coast’
