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Ch. 10 Sec. 3 Notes Insects *Moths, caterpillars, plant hoppers, dragonflies, cockroaches, and bees are all insects. Body Structure *You can identify insects by counting their body sections and legs *Insects are arthropods with 3 body sections, six legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings. *Three body sections are: 1. Head -Most sense organs are located in head Ex: Insects have 2 large compound eyes (Contain many lenses to detect movement.) They also have simple eyes to distinguish between light and darkness. 2. Thorax (midsection) -Section where wings and legs are attached -Insects are the only invertebrates that can fly -Flying enables insects to find mates, food, new places to live, and escape from predators 3. Abdomen -Holds many of insects internal organs -Small tubes are attached on the outside of the abdomen to allow air for oxygen Obtaining Food *If it is living or once living, then an insect will eat it Ex: plants, food, paper (in old books), animals, animal droppings *An insect's mouthparts are adapted for a highly specific way of getting food -Some insects have a sponge-like mouthpart that is used to lap up decaying flesh Ex: flies -Some insects’ mouths' are shaped like a coil tube, which can uncoil and be used like a drinking straw to suck up nectar from flowers Ex: butterflies -Some insects have sharp-edged mouthparts to cut through seeds, wood, and other foods Ex: ants Life Cycle *Insects begin life as tiny, hard-shelled, fertilized eggs *After they hatch, insects go through metamorphosis that will produce them into adult insects Each insect species undergoes either complete metamorphosis or gradual metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis *4 different stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult -Egg hatches into larvae -Larvae typically look similar to worms -Larvae are specialized for eating and growing -A larva becomes a pupa: insect is enclosed in a protective covering -Insect is changing and developing inside pupa -Insect releases from pupa as adult Gradual Metamorphosis *Has no distinct larval stage *Egg hatches into a stage called a nymph -Looks like the adult insect WITHOUT wings *A nymph may molt several times before becoming an adult Ex: Grasshoppers, cockroaches, dragonflies