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STAAR Review Category 1-Matter & Energy Students demonstrate an understanding of the properties of matter and energy and their interactions. Key Terminology • • • • • • • • Conductivity - ability to transfer heat and/or electricity Density - measure of a materials mass per unit volume (m/v) Luster - describes how a material reflect light Malleability - materials flexibility without breaking Metals - good conductors of heat/electricity Metalloids - have properties of both metals & nonmetals Non-metals - poor conductors of heat/electricity Valence - # of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom; - determines the reactivity of an element 8.5A; 6.6A Do you know? • Element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. • Compound is two or more elements combined to form a new substance whose characteristics are different than the original elements. • Mixture is two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated. 6.5C Common Elements & Compounds… • • • • • • • • He Helium N Nitrogen C Carbon S Sulfur P Phosphorus Ca Calcium Cl Chlorine Si Silicon 8.5D; 7.6A • • • • • • • H2O Water CO2 Carbon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride (salt) C6H12O6 Glucose (sugar) CO Carbon Monoxide HCl Hydrochloric Acid CH4 Methane Atom Structure electron cloud atom electrons * negative charge * mass=0.005 AMU (0) protons nucleus * positive charge * mass = 1 AMU neutrons * NO charge (neutral) * mass = 1 AMU 8.5A The Atom * negatively charged * mass = 0.005 AMU * no charge (neutral) * mass = 1 AMU 8.5A * positively charged * mass = 1 AMU * protons + neutrons = Atomic mass The Element Cube 8.5C Element Name Element Symbol Atomic Number (# of P+) Atomic Mass (avg. # of P+ + N0) Periodic Table Whatdo doall allmembers membersof ofa What What What is is a a column row called? called? the Helium family have in family have in common? common? Nitrogen Family Period 6 Every element in a Family Period OR hasGroup the- same number of are energy levels This is the Nitrogen V (15): There 5 VALENCE *** Same # of enon-reactive ; same reactivity *** *** electrons Noble gases; *** (or valence orbitals electron in everyorelement in shells) this group. How many… 2C6H12O6 • Molecules –2 • Elements 8.5D 3Ba(CH3COO)2 • Molecules –3 • Elements –3 –4 • Atoms • Atoms – 48 – 45 Chemical Reactions & Equations Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride + Water HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O Is this equation balanced? H=2 H=2 Cl = 1 Cl = 1 Na = 1 Na = 1 O=1 O=1 YES, it is balanced. 8.5E Question • In the diagram, which cools off more quickly? A. the land B. the water C. neither D. not given 6.9C