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Binding Energy Nucleons – protons and neutrons Nuclides – any species of atom Isotopes – same number of protons Isotones – same number of neutrons Coulomb repulsion and the strong nuclear force 5/24/2017 Protons vs. Neutrons Radiation Protection and Safety 1 Binding Energy 5/24/2017 Nuclei have energy levels similar to electrons orbiting the nucleus. Protons and neutrons have spin ½ They obey the Pauli exclusion principle Have a finite number of excited states Radiation Protection and Safety 2 Binding Energy 5/24/2017 Radiation Protection and Safety 3 Binding Energy Nuclear reactions are typically in the MeV range ~106 times the energy of chemical reactions Exothermic and endothermic Conversion of mass to energy → E = (Δm)c2 Relationship between atomic mass unit and energy 5/24/2017 For Δm: 1 u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV Radiation Protection and Safety 4 Binding Energy Examples: 4He and 56Fe Comparison of nuclides - binding energy per nucleon Fusion and fission 5/24/2017 Radiation Protection and Safety 5 Binding Energy 5/24/2017 Radiation Protection and Safety 6 Binding Energy Why is the slope higher for the fusion region of the graph? Total energy of decay (fission) processes Decay diagrams 5/24/2017 Radiation Protection and Safety 7