Download Peace-building in Sierra Leone

Assessing threats in the exploitation
and management of natural
resources
22 March 2013
Fanina Kodre-Alexander
UNEP
Assessing threats in the exploitation and management of
natural resources
“Climate change not only exacerbates
threats to international peace and
security; it IS a threat to international
peace and security”
- Ban Ki-Moon, UN Security Council, July 2011
Assessing conflict risks in the exploitation and
management of natural resources
The UN System Task Team on the Post2015 UN Development Agenda stresses four
core dimensions:
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environmental sustainability
inclusive social development
inclusive economic development and
peace and security
Assessing conflict risks in the exploitation and
management of natural resources
UNEP - 7 thematic priority areas:
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Climate Change
Disasters and Conflicts
Ecosystems Management
Environmental Governance
Environment Under Review
Hazardous Waste and Harmful Substances
Resource Efficiency
Peace-building in Sierra
Peace-building
in
Overview
Sierra Leone
Disasters and Conflicts
core services:
o Disaster risk reduction
o Post-crisis environmental
assessments
o Post-crisis environmental
recovery
o Environmental cooperation
for peace-building
Leone
Peace-building in Sierra
Peace-building
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Overview
Sierra Leone
Since the start of the
millennium over 35 major
conflicts and some 2,500
disasters have affected
billions of people around
the world.
Leone
Peace-building
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Peace-building
in exploitation
Assessing
conflict risksin
in Sierra
the
management
of natural resources
Sierra Leone
UNEP’s goal is to ensure natural resources,
environmental risks and opportunities are
fully considered and integrated
into sustainable development strategies.
Report: From Conflict to Peace-building:
The Role of Natural Resources and the Environment. http://www.unep.org/ecp
Assessing conflict risks in the exploitation and
management of natural resources
Future trends:
1. Increasing population growth and consumer
consumption: demand for natural resources will continue
to increase.
2. Increasing environmental degradation supply of natural
resources will continue to decrease.
3. Ministries of environment and overall governance of
natural resources remain weak in many countries.
4. Climate change as a threat multiplier, changing the
distribution and supply of resources.
Strong potential for increase in resource-based
conflicts and environmentally induced migration.
Assessing conflict risks in the exploitation and
management of natural resources
Case study in Africa
Peace-building
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Peace-building
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Sierra
Leone conflict –in
1991-2002
Sierra Leone
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Resources:
o Diamonds
o Cocoa
o Coffee
http://www.unep.org/sierraleone
Peace-building
in Sierra
Peace-building
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Sierra
Leone
Sierra Leone
1999 – Revolutionary
United Front earned an
estimated US$70 million
from diamonds
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Peace-building
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Sierra
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Sierra Leone
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o 70,000 combatants
demobilized
o 3 peaceful transfers
of power
Peace-building
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Peace-building
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Sierra
Leone: Mining - in
Tonkolili
Sierra Leone
• 2012 – 32% economic growth
• 2 iron ore mines on stream
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Sierra Leone: estimate 10-20% land to agribusiness
Sierra Leone
Socfin Agriculture
Company : Malen 6,500ha
SIVA Group : 80,00ha
Peace-building
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Lessons
learned
Sierra Leone
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Peace-building
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Peace-building
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Lessons
learned
Sierra Leone
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• Develop a set environmental
standards
• Educate decision makers and
stakeholders
• Monitor activity and enforce
environmental and social laws
• Educate and involve
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Assessments
and reports
Sierra Leone
• Sierra Leone: Environment, Conflict
and Peace-building Assessment
• Central African Republic: Environment,
Conflict and Peace-building
Assessment
• From Conflict to Peace-building: The
Role of Natural Resources and the
Environment
• Greening the Blue Helmets:
Environment, Natural Resources and
UN Peacekeeping Operations
• Livelihood Security: Climate Change,
Migration and Conflict in the Sahel
Leone
“Many of the risk factors for
conflict that existed in the
1980s and 1990s have not
been adequately addressed,
most prominently in the
environment and natural
resources sector.”
Available at: http://www.unep.org/disastersandconflicts
UNEP courses
• Training Course on Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk
Reduction for Sustainable Development (www.pedrr.net)
• Graduate Level Teaching Module on Disasters,
Environment and Risk Reduction (ecoDRR)
www.cnrd.info/index.php?teaching-material