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The UNDP Water Governance Strategy A follow-up to the Human Development Report 2006 “Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” Juerg Staudenmann Water Governance Advisor Water-CoP Meeting (Almaty – 25-26 October 2007) United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS HDR 2006 Key Observations The “Global Water Crisis” means deprivation in access to water: Water for life and for livelihoods: – poverty, weak legal rights and public policies limit access to the infrastructure that provide it Even lower political commitment to sanitation and hygiene: – 2.6 billion people without access – 1.8 million child deaths/year Large disparities: WSS deficits – much larger in rural areas compared to urban, – affect poor far worse than rich people Link WSS – Human Development 120 120 100 100 % with access to water % access to sanitation Successfully tackling the WSS crises could trigger next leap forward in human development 80 60 40 80 60 40 20 20 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 X HDI % access water (2004) HDI % access sanitation (2004) HDI % GDP Health (2003) HDI % GDP Education (2003) HDI Electricity use per capita (2003) 0.6 0.8 Hum an Developm ent Index Hum an Developm ent Index Y 0.4 R-squared 0.631406 0.73256 0.352122 0.07682 0.401594 1 1.2 The Global Water Crisis The neglect is ethically indefensible and economically short-sighted: – water investments have benefit/cost ratio averaging 8:1 Added dimension: climate change – could widely undo development gains - intensified water insecurity and vulnerability of poor countries and people to climate variability and extremes No sector has suffered a lack of global leadership more than water and sanitation – – need concerted global action to scale up access to sanitation & water for life and livelihoods Water for Sustainable Human Development Water & sanitation access linked to the other MDGs; many cannot be achieved if water fails Water – poverty nexus: – – – – Enhanced livelihood security Reduced health risks Reduced vulnerability Pro-poor economic growth Ultimate shared resource – who gets it and how it is used is a matter of water governance Interdependence also transboundary – 90% of world population in countries with shared river basins Competing demands for water means the poor will lose out on all fronts unless we change and improve water governance Key HDR 2006 recommendations: Water for Life Make water a human right – legislatively National strategies for water and sanitation Increase international aid (+ USD 3-4 billion/year = ODA x2) Global Action Plan HDR 2006 serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action Key HDR 2006 recommendations: Water for Livelihoods Develop IWRM strategies (integrated into NDS & PRSPs) Put gender rights to water at center of development Strengthen water and land rights - Legal empowerment of the poor Integrate climate change adaptation into NDS & PRSPs Strengthen institutional capacity & financing at all levels – local, national, transboundary HDR serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and Responsibilities Sustainable Human Development and MDG agenda Strengthen UN system-wide coordination and promote UN system-wide partnership strategies Advocacy and advice, and concrete development services at national level Four development focus areas: – – – – Poverty reduction and the MDGs Democratic Governance Crisis Prevention and Recovery Environment and sustainable development Water is cross-cutting with links to all ! Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas Dev. Focus Area Poverty Reduction & MDGs Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water • Promoting inclusive growth • Supporting MDG-based national development strategies Access to WSS and water resources assets as main drivers of poverty reduction and prerequisite to achieving almost all MDGs Mainstreaming of WSS & IWRM into MDGbased national development strategies Address rural/urban, rich/poor inequalities in access to water services Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas Dev. Focus Area Democratic • Governanc • e Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Fostering inclusive participation Strengthen responsive institutions Water crisis is principally one of governance, not of scarcity Inclusive participation in water resources management Strengthening water governance institutions and mechanisms Integrating human rights & gender equality in water governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas Dev. Focus Area Crisis Prevention & Recovery Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water • Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disaster • Restoring the foundation for development after crisis Reducing water-related risks and crises (drought, floods, landslides, etc.) through integrated water resources management and CC adaptation Water governance & management as entry point for conflict prevention (at local and transboundary levels) Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas Dev. Focus Area Environment & Sustainable Development Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water • Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measures Integrating IWRM into NDS / PRS(P)s Environmental Finance: Market-based & other financial mechanisms for WSS, sustainable management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private partnerships, incl. water quality aspects) Adapting to climate change (to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change) Expanding access to environment and energy services (WSS – capacity for service delivery, community-government partnerships UNDP’s Strategic Priorities for Water (globally) Assist in developing national strategies for equitable management and governance of water 1. – – 2. 3. 4. 5. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS) Local action on water and sanitation Cooperation on Transboundary Waters Adaptation to climate change Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water governance Cross cutting: Capacity development Gender equality Human rights based approach Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Support Coordination: “One UN” coordinated approach (Pilot countries, roll-out) Mainstreaming IWRM & WSS in UNDAF* process Regional UN Coordinators to raise profile of the water crisis with governments Spain MDG Achievement fund support UN Water – normative & coordination support Set agenda with key agencies, IFIs, donor partners Facilitate Global Action Plan Global & regional advocacy on water governance (UNDP as lead UN agency) Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Support (cont.) Programme Support: Support to mainstreaming IWRM, WSS in PRS(P)s, national dev. plans (e.g. UNDP CPs, PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services) Water governance reform & IWRM strategies – local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. GEF IW, LD, Water Governance Facility) Community-based action to scale up WSS, local WRM (incl. Small Grants Programme) Adaptation (GEF, other sources?) Capacity building (CapNet and others) Mainstreaming human rights and gender Conflict prevention Spain MDG fund (UNCT projects) The Way Forward Refine UNDP regional strategies and programmes to strengthen water interventions in support of MDG targets Focus support on countries with largest waterMDG needs Scale up implementation through existing partnerships and programmes, such as – – – – Global Water Partnership, CapNet, Water Governance Facility, SGP/Community Water Initiative/Shared Waters Partnership – UNDP-Coke Partnership “Every Drop Matters” The Way Forward (cont.) Deepen UN agency and “allies” partnerships for collaborative, complementary action and division of labor, e.g. – UNECE: advise and support for implementation of regional conventions (Water Coinvention, Protocol on Water & Health) – UNEP: ecosystem sustainability, IWRM, povertyenvironment links – UNICEF: water supply, sanitation, and hygiene campaign; policy, decentralization, service delivery links v – OECD: Economic & WSS Financing Feasibility Studies – Banks: infrastructure development – policy environment for access by the poor, national The Way Forward (cont.) Parthership & Ressource Mobilization: UNDP is presently under-resourced for effective implementation of Water Governance Strategy and HDR follow-up UN(DP)-internal advocacy & measures: – Enhance Global Water Governance Programme – Strengthen regional expertise, coordination and leadership capacity – Support, advise and coordinate ‘One-UN’ country level approaches – Secure dedicated long-term commitment Situation in RBEC? Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs (work in progress): Projected % achieve. Water / Sanitation MDG WSS Plan / ..in PRSP / ..in UNDAF UNICEF / UNEP / MDG-S country / Span MDG-F Status of IWRM Planning / planned UNDP support Armenia OK / n.d. Y / YN / NN Y / .. / N / N 1 / GEF-IWRM Azerbaijan 78.3 / n.d. Y / ?? / na Y / .. / N / N 3 / GEF-IWRM Kazakhstan OK / 83.1 Y / YY / YY N / .. / N / N 1 / exist. proj Kyrgyzstan 76.9 / 64.1 Y / YY / na N / .. / N / N 2 / new reg proj OK / n.d. Y / YY / na Y / .. / Y / N 2 / new reg proj 83.5 / 85.4 Y / YY / na N / .. / N / Y na (?) / N OK / n.d. Y / NN / YN N / .. / N / N 2 / EUWI? 79.3 / 89.9 Y / YY / na N / .. / N / N 2 / new nat proj Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead “Regionalization” of Global WatGov Strategy – Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio – Take on board “Adaptation to climate change” – Promoting and supporting development of national strategies on Water Supply & Sanitation Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning UN regional and UNCT-coordination approach HRBA and “action focus on local level” New regional Programme on HRBA & Water Governance – Based on Protocol on Water & Health, needs assessment (priority countries) and other regional frameworks and foundations – Aim at government support for national WSS strategies – Regional framework & national “model approach” for UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead (cont.) Knowledge Management: WaterWiki (http://WaterWiki.undp.sk) – Maintain knowledge map and on-line collaboration tool as tool for the regional CoP – Amend & integrate new features (rating & vetting, who-is-who, better navigation, “my Wiki”, and much more…) – Test linkage with new (“web 2.0”) technologies: SKYPE, Facebook, blogs, ... – Strategic Partnerships and dynamic weblinking: UNECE River Basin Assessment 2, EC Guideline on Water, etc. UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead (cont.) Strategic partnerships & resource mobilization – UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA & WatGov) – EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS) – OECD: WSS infrastructure feasibility study – Cap-Net / GWP (capacity building, networking, stakeholder platforms) – UNDP’s Stockholm Water Governance Facility / SIWI (expertise & support) – (Potential) bilateral partners (Norway, Finland, Switzerland, ..) – OSCE/UNEP/REC/UNECE (ENVSEC) – UNESCO/UNICEF/…? Thank you! http://europeandcis.undp.org/environmen t http://WaterWiki.undp.sk United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS