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History of WWF Mongolia in context of Mongolia’s Conservation evolution 1992 – until present B.Chimed-Ochir, Country Representative 7th February 2011, Ulaanbaatar Content • Institutional development • Evolution of WWF’s conservation priorities in context of country’s situation • Evolution of conservation community in Mongolia • Major threats and future trend • WWF’s niche and challenges • WWF’s vision and must - win objectives Institutional history • 1992 – 1997: Project office with 3 staff • 1997 – 2002: Country office with 9 staff (4 in field office Khovd) and registered as branch of international NGO in 1997 • Since 2002: Programme office with 29 staff Evolution of WWF’s priorities (1992 – 1997) • The project “National parks of Mongolia”, financed WWF Germany (1992 -1997) – Establishment of new large scale PA – Support Government for identifying financial sources for PA development – Awareness and advocacy on PA’s • First international NGO in Mongolia Country’s situation 1992 - 1997 • Political and economical transition just started and lack of finance for everything • Reform of environmental legislative acts • Increased overall poverty level – migration from settlement to country site • Freedom for travel - transboundary illegal trade with wildlife products increased • Golden time for establishing large PA’s Some success stories … • Country’s PA network – WWF as major and single player • Long-term contribution from Germany to nature conservation Evolution of WWF’s priorities (1998 – 2002) • First 5 years Conservation Programme with focus on: – Species conservation; Saiga and Snow leopard – PA management e.g. Khar Us Nuur NP – Establishment new PA’s • Financial sources: WWF-DE, WWF-NL, WWF-AT, Messerli, Mava • Ecoregional approach – Altai-Sayan Country’s situation 1998 - 2002 • Livestock number reached historical height – 32 Millions • Two following drought in summer and harsh winter – lost 9 million livestock • Increased mining activities, especially gold Some success stories … • Shifting from establishment to management of PA • Saiga population increased during the project implementation (1998 – 2001) • First time involvement of locale people into Snow leopard conservation Evolution of WWF’s priorities (2003 – 2007) • 2nd 5 years conservation programme • Aligned with Global Programme: TDB and Ecoregion – Species, Freshwater, Forest, Toxic and Climate change – Altai-Sayan (80%) and Daurian (20%) ecoregions • Major financial sources: WWF-SE and SIDA, WWF-DE, Hermsen and Otto foundation Country’s situation (2003 – 2007) • • • • • Individual Illegal mining so called “Ninjas” New dam projects Overgrazing and habitat competition Climate change Weak management policies and institutional framework - bad governance Some success stories … • Successful toxic campaign against massive use of rodenticide to control Brand’s vole • Legislation adopting IRBM approaches • EIA for Dorgon HPP • Piloting community forestry in Khan Khokhie mountain range • Mobile anti-poaching units in Western Mongolia Evolution of WWF’s priorities (2006 – 2010) • 3rd Conservation programme – update of 2nd CP in 2005 • 2 Ecoregions: Altai-Sayan and Daurian (later refocused on AHEC) with 3 pillars: – Priority/Flagship Species: Argali, Snow leopard, Saiga, Saker Falcon, Mongolian Antelope, Taimen – Freshwater conservation – With cross-cutting issues: ESD, habitat protection and management, policy advocacy, law enforcement • Main approaches: CBNRM and IRBM • Financial sources: WWF-SE, NL, US, DE, MAVA and JFPR/ADB Country’s situation (2006 – 2010) • Increased commodity price on world market e.g. copper, gold, coal etc • Tremendous increase of state budget – Increased public concern on mining impacts and corruption • Overgrazing and desertification (almost 70% of country) • Climate change, specially in frequency of extreme events, biomass and freshwater Evolution of conservation communities • • • • • 1996 law on NGO More than 500 NGO but still weak … 2 international NGO; TNC and WCS (+TAF) Major players are GTZ, UNDP, SDC, (NL) ADB and WB integrated in sector development • Public movements against mining activities Major threats and future trend • Mining development and large investment: – Threats: Lot of money and corruption, freshwater ecosystem degradation, habitat fragmentation – Opportunity: Social and environmental responsibility due to public reputation and increased funding • Livestock sector and NR management: – Threats: desertification, degradation and habitat loss – Opportunity: dependencies of livelihood • Climate change impacts: – Forest, freshwater, pasture and vulnerability of livelihoods Possible priority actions… • For mining sector: – Biodiversity offset programme – Transparency and public involvement • For livestock sector: – Integrated policy and market based approaches for sustainable rangeland management – Increased local community stewardship for their natural environment e.g. CBNRM WWF’s niche and challenges • WWF’s niche: – Well known and high reputation – Local presences and competent staff • Challenges: – Flexibility and multi disciplinary team – Increased competition for funding – Building strategic partnership with development institutions and corporate sector WWF’s vision and must – win objectives: To ensure local community stewardship for their natural environment