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WHY ARE WE HERE?
Biodiversity:
Going, going…..
Potential “killer barriers”in the
finance area
Conservation Success
Impacts of private
financial flows
Lack of
reliable, longterm funding
More specifically...
Total funding is inadequate by an
order of magnitude
Nearly all conservation funding is
short-term (1 - 3 years)
Explosive growth of private financial
flows (adverse impacts/opportunities)
Ecosystem services undervalued
Conservation Finance Programs
• Sustainable funding for protected
areas and national PA systems
• Mechanisms to effectively channel
funding to conservation activities
• Pioneered some new approaches
• Global impacts in just a few areas
Lots of activity, limited collaboration
Foundations
Government
agencies
NGOs
Conservation
Finance
Intergovernmental
agencies
Universities
Private sector
How do we go to scale??!!
Approximate numbers of deals
• 20+ conservation trust funds
(inadequate capital)
• 10 conservation-oriented
carbon investment projects
• 3 biodiversity enterprises
funds (mostly small-scale)
• 5 water user fees
• 4 conservation concessions
• 1 national ecotourism tax
• 2 resource extraction fees
dedicated to conservation
Barriers to Scaling Up
• Capital: Lack of seed funding for new finance
projects; lack of capital for trust funds
• Tools: Lack of well-packaged information and
practitioner tools for taking action
• Sharing/learning: Lack of info-sharing and
learning from field experience
• Technical support: Lack of technical support,
particularly in developing countries
Lack of focussed collaboration
Training Guide
An example of concrete synergies
that can be achieved through
focussed collaboration
(GO TO CD ROM)
CAN A
CONSERVATION ALLIANCE
BE BUILT
AROUND A STRATEGIC
PROGRAM OF ACTION?
Purpose of retreat
• Preliminary Program of Action
• General elements of MOU to
formalize alliance
• Identify ways other organizations
can contribute to and benefit
from alliance
Groundrules
• Spirit of collaboration
• Concise comments to allow
others time to speak
• Patience
• Destroy all cellphones!
• Have fun (or else)
TNC’S CONSERVATION
FINANCE PROGRAM
(in transition)
Staffing: size
• “Core Conservation Finance Staff”
(at least 1/3 of their time): Appx. 14
• Many others spending less than 1/3
of their time on conservation finance
Staffing: deployment
• Core Conservation Finance Staff
–10 in Arlington headquarters
–1 in New Zealand
–1 in San Jose
–1 in Quito
–1 in Vermont
Conservation Finance Programs
• Conservation Trust Funds – IPG; TA to
support establishment / start-up
• Water Policy Program – water valuation and
water user fees
• Initiative for Innovative Conservation
Finance – tools, training, financial
innovations
• Compatible Ventures Group – market tools,
compatible businesses, financial innovations
• EcoEnterprises Fund – equity/loan/grant
capital for biodiversity-friendly enterprises
Conservation Finance Programs
(continued)
• Ecotourism Program – visitor use fees
• Climate Change Program – forest carbon
mitigation projects (pvt. sector investment)
• Debt Swaps Program: TFCA focus
• Conservation bonds - state bond issues
across U.S.
• Conservation easements (?): US and LA
Status of CF Mechanisms
CTFs
Mature
4 staff
WATER
Early
1.5 staff
INIT FOR
INNOV CF
Start up
3 staff
COMPAT
VENTURES
Mature
5 staff
ECO
Early
ENTERPRISES
5 staff
Status of CF Mechanisms
CLIMATE
CHANGE
DEBT SWAPS
Mature
5 staff
Mature
2 staff
CONSERV
BONDS
Mature
10 staff? (US)
EASEMENTS/
Mature
1 staff (intl)
30+ staff (US)?
CONSERV CONC
Focus of CF Mechanisms
Mostly nat’lscale, some site,
MesoAmer reef
CTFs
Latin America
Carrib, Pacific
WATER
Ecuador, Bolivia, Honduras Exploring
Indonesia, DR
INIT FOR
INNOV CF
Training Gde/ related tools
Trainings
Carbon Fund
Agric. transition insurance
Small-scale businesses (forest,
COMPAT
VENTURES farming, ranching)
Conservation Beef, Grass Bank,
CTIMO, Forest Bank
US focus to
date
Focus of CF Mechanisms
CLIMATE
CHANGE
DEBT SWAPS
Latin America, US
projects. Exploring
Indo, PNG
CONSERV
BONDS
20 states (US)
(e.g., CA and FLA)
Ongoing in many
states
EASEMENTS/
CONSERV CONC
All US states
6 LA countries
Latin America
Private land easements growing area for LA,
strong interest to apply in
AP
ECOENTERP
FUND
Forest preserv and
reforest, carbon
fund
Belize, Peru,
Indonesia
Interest to expand
in LA and to AP
Priority mechanisms
(under review)
• CTFs
• Ecosystem service payments
(carbon, water, tourism user fees)
• Compatible enterprises (income gen,
reduce conserv costs, enterprise
funds)
• Conservation concessions (broad)
Priority themes
(under review)
• Site sustainability - lasting impacts
• Multi-site strategies - going-to-scale
• Capacity-building delivery systems
(training guide, targeted tools,
targeted trainings, etc.)
• 5 TNC Initiatives: marine,
invasives, fire, freshwater, climate
change
Gaps
• Delivery systems: seed fund, practical
tools, targeted training, field-based
finance specialists
• Investment capital for CF mechanisms
• Capacity in resource economics and
economic analysis (esp. int’l)
• Finance strategies that engage
commercial-scale businesses
• Forest policy expertise
Existing collaborations
• Coral Reef / MPA Initiative: TNC / CI
leadership. Large, multi-year grant under
discussion
• Human welfare / biodiv. integration project:
TNC/WRI leadership. Large, ten-year Moore
Foundation grant
• CI / TNC science and research collaboration on
conservation economics (e.g., conservation
concessions)
• Mesoamer. reef reg. trust fund - TNC and WWF
• EcoEnterprises Fund - TNC, IDB, GEF
Future collaborations
• Large-scale priority sites (e.g., SW
Amazon, East Kalimantan, SW China)
• Training Guide and targeted trainings
• Targeted events/fora: WPC, CBD, GEF
• Coral reef / MPAs
• Conservation concessions - Latin
America and AP)