Download An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology

An Introduction to Exercise
and Sport Physiology
Prepared By:
Daniel Guzman
Derek Maxwell
Chapter Overview
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Definition
History
Responses to Exercise
Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology
Definition
 Physiology of exercise is made up of both
anatomy and physiology
 Anatomy - Study of the body’s structures
 Physiology- Study of the body’s functions
Definition
 Physiology of Exercise:
Is the study of how the human body adapts
or alters its structures and functions to
physical stress.
History
 Early explanations of physiology were either
vague or incorrect
 Microscope
History
The Harvard Fatigue Laboratory
 Had the greatest impact on Physiology of
Exercise.
 Laid the foundation for what is now modern
exercise and physiology
– Nevada desert, Mississippi Delta, White MTN.
 Was the mecca of exercise physiology
Responses to Exercise
 Acute Response
 How the body responds to a bout of exercise
 Factors that may alter an acute response
 Temperature, humidity
 Amount of noise
 Food intake
Acute Response Table
Responses to Exercise
 Chronic Adaptations
 Adaptations the body makes when challenged
with repeated bouts of exercise
 Improves exercise capacity and efficiency.
Ergometers
An ergometer is an exercise device that
allows the amount and rate of a persons
physical work to be controlled and
measured.
ergo = work
meter = measure
Types of Ergometers
The Cycle Ergometer
 Advantages
– Ease of taking blood pressure and blood sampling
– Amount of work is independent of body weight
 Disadvantages
– Legs become fatigued before the rest of the body
– Peak physiological variables are frequently lower than
with other Ergometers
The Treadmill
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Advantages
– Doesn’t need to be closely monitored due to the belt
speed
– Adaptability: everyone walks
 Disadvantages
– More expensive
– Portability
– When the treadmill requires jogging, taking blood
pressure is difficult
The Swimming Flume
 Advantages
– Allows swimmers to accurately simulate their
natural style while being closely observed.
 Disadvantages
– Very expensive
Specificity of Exercise Testing
 When using an ergometer for testing:
 Select an ergometer that most closely
approximates the activity of the given
individual being tested.
Training Principles
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Specificity
Disuse
Progressive Overload
Hard/Easy
Periodization
Specificity
 Optimal performance in a given activity
 Example:
– A swimmer would train by swimming, not by
running.
Disuse
 Use it or lose it
 Example:
– If a marathon runner stops running, he won’t be
able to run marathons anymore.
Progressive Overload
 Increasing your physical capabilities by
loading beyond the point to which you are
normally used to
 Example:
– A short distance runner would run slightly longer
distances every week until he can run a
marathon.
Hard/Easy
 Incorporate both hard and easy workouts
into your training routine.
 Example:
– On a day following a high intensity workout,
prescribe an easy training day so that the body
can rest.
Research Methodology
 Research Design
 Cross-sectional research design
 A large population is tested at the same time.
 Physiological differences between groups within
the population are used to estimate change.
 Longitudinal Design
 Individuals are tested more than once to measure
changes over time.
Research Methodology
 Longitudinal studies are generally the most
accurate for studying a problem.
 Cross-sectional studies are used usually
when longitudinal studies are not possible.
Chapter Conclusion
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Definition
History
Responses to Exercise
Ergometers
Specificity of Exercise Testing
Training Principles
Research Methodology