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How does the behavior of fluids in different
states compare?
Properties of liquids…
Properties of gases…
Flow= P1-P2/R
Boyles:
P1V1=P2V2
Poiseuille’s law
flow = (P1 - P2) r4
Charles:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
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8vl
Combined:
P = nRT/V
How do we ventilate?
Take a deep breath and try to
determine:
Which muscles are involved?
and
Are they relaxing or contracting?
How do we ventilate (expiration)?
To force air out,
what has to
happen to
volume?
Accomplished
by:
•relaxation
during quiet
breathing
•contraction
during forced
breathing...
1) internal
intercostals
2) abdominal
muscles
How do we ventilate (inspiration)?
Air flows due
to differences
in pressure
Pressure:
P1V1 = P2V2
So…increased
volume = ?
Accomplished
with:
1) external
intercostal
muscles
2) diaphragm 3) additional ones when needed
BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Take 5!!!
With the heart, we can directly
alter the pressure of the fluid by
applying force to the fluid
resulting in a change in pressure
and volume. However, with the
lungs, there is no way to directly
influence the fluid pressure (air)
at the point of origin. So, how do
we pump air into our lungs?
Discuss with your
neighbor and predict
an answer
BIOL2030 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
How does the gear work?
BI 203 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
What were the rules (1-3?) discussed by the
dive instructor yesterday?
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
A key aspect to consider is the
compressibility of gases vs. the
incompressibility of liquids.
Where in your body do you
have air spaces?
Those areas can be directly
affected by changes in
pressure/volume.
33 feet of water = the pressure
from 1 atmosphere
33’
Pressure?
66’
Pressure?
99’
Pressure?
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
33’
33’
33’
66’
66’
66’
99’
99’
99’
Effects on volume
Effects on density
Effects of equalized
pressure
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
When snorkeling, what
happens to pressure and
volume in respiratory system?
33’
Pressure?
66’
Pressure?
99’
Pressure?
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
When SCUBA diving and
breathing at depth, then
holding your breath while
ascending, what happens to
pressure and volume in
respiratory system?
Abyss clip
33’
Pressure?
66’
Pressure?
99’
Pressure?
Are there other air spaces to consider when
diving?
Does anything else change with pressure?
Henry’s Law:
Concentration of a gas
in a liquid depends on
the the Partial pressure
of the gas and the
solubility of that
particular gas.
What is
PN2?
[O2] = PO2 * Solubility
(760)(1)(.79) = 600
33’
66’
What is 99’
PN2?
(760)(4)(.79) = 2402
Coefficient for O2 in water is 0.024
CO2 in water is 0.57
Take 5!!!
What is the effect on a
person’s blood N2 levels,
when diving at depths that
are too deep (high pressure)
for too long of a time?
Discuss with your
neighbor and predict
an answer
How does SCUBA affect the respiratory system?
Other anatomy & physiology concerns…
Breathing compressed O2
Breathing compressed air while snorkeling
Holding your breath longer while snorkeling
Nitrogen narcosis
Vertigo
Not following the rules