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Tissue = a group of cells and cell products with similar structure and function. There are four 1o tissues in the body: 1) Epithelium 2) Connective 3) Muscular 4) Nervous Functions of Epithelial Tissue • Physical Protection • Regulate Exchange • Provides Sensation • Produce Secretions Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Tight Junctions Desmosomes Classification of Epithelia 1. Number of cell layers A) Single layer of cells = Simple Epithelium B) Several layers of cells (more than one) = Stratified Epithelium 2. Shape of Exposed (apical) cells Squamous epithelium - Thin and flat. Cuboidal epithelium - Short cube-shaped hexagonal boxes. Columnar epithelium - Taller than it is wide. Transitional epithelium - Changes shapes (from squamous to cuboidal). Classification of Epithelia Simple (1 cell layer) Stratified (more than 1 cell layer) 1) Simple Squamous Epithelium 5) Stratified Squamous Epithelium Glomerular capsule; Alveolus Mesothelium; Endothelium 2) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Renal tubules; Thecal follicle (thyroid gland) Keratinized = Epidermis of skin Non-keratinized = esophagus, cheek 6) Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Ducts of sweat glands Ducts of salivary glands 3) Simple Columnar Epithelium 7) Stratified Columnar Epithelium Stomach, Small and Large Intestines 4) Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Trachea, larynx, bronchi Male urethra 8) Transitional Epithelium Urinary bladder, ureter Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium Structural Classification of Simple and Compound Exocrine Glands Modes of Secretion Connective Tissue Fluid Connective Tissue 1) Blood 2) Lymph Connective Tissue Proper 1) Loose 1) Areolar 2) Adipose 3) Reticular 2) Dense 1) Regular 2) Irregular 3) Elastic Supporting Connective Tissue 1) Cartilage 1) Hyaline 2) Elastic 3) Fibrocartilage 1) Bone 1) Spongy 2) Compact Connective Tissue Fluid Connective Tissue Blood – in blood vessels and heart Lymph – in lymph vessels and lymph nodes Connective Tissue Proper Loose Dense 1) Areolar - Papillary region of dermis, 1) Regular – Tendons, ligaments around blood vessels, C.T. of membranes 2) Irregular – Joint capsules 2) Adipose - Hypodermis, eye sockets, Reticular region of dermis renal fat capsule 3) Elastic – Elastic ligaments, walls of 3) Reticular - Spleen, lymph node, arteries, penile ligaments capsule of liver and kidney Supporting Connective Tissue Cartilage 1) Hyaline – nose, trachea, larynx, Costal cartilage, articular cartilage 1) Elastic – epiglottis, external ear 2) Fibrocartilage – intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis, menisci Bone 1) Spongy – inner portion 2) Compact – outer portion Areolar Tissue Adipose Tissue Reticular Tissue Dense Regular Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Elastic Tissue Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage Fluid Connective Tissue Hematopoietic stem cells produce blood and lymph cells Bone Tissue Compact Bone Spongy Bone Muscle Tissue Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Nervous Tissue Neurons and Glial cells