Download 2. Tissue Anatomy

Tissue = a group of cells and cell products with
similar structure and function.
There are four 1o tissues in the body:
1) Epithelium
2) Connective
3) Muscular
4) Nervous
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
• Physical Protection
• Regulate Exchange
• Provides Sensation
• Produce Secretions
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Classification of Epithelia
1. Number of cell layers
A) Single layer of cells = Simple Epithelium
B) Several layers of cells (more than one) = Stratified Epithelium
2. Shape of Exposed (apical) cells
Squamous epithelium - Thin and flat.
Cuboidal epithelium - Short cube-shaped hexagonal boxes.
Columnar epithelium - Taller than it is wide.
Transitional epithelium - Changes shapes (from squamous to cuboidal).
Classification of Epithelia
Simple (1 cell layer)
Stratified (more than 1 cell layer)
1) Simple Squamous Epithelium 5) Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Glomerular capsule; Alveolus
Mesothelium; Endothelium
2) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Renal tubules;
Thecal follicle (thyroid gland)
Keratinized = Epidermis of skin
Non-keratinized = esophagus, cheek
6) Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Ducts of sweat glands
Ducts of salivary glands
3) Simple Columnar Epithelium 7) Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Stomach, Small and Large Intestines
4) Pseudostratified Ciliated
Columnar Epithelium
Trachea, larynx, bronchi
Male urethra
8) Transitional Epithelium
Urinary bladder, ureter
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Structural Classification of Simple and Compound Exocrine Glands
Modes of Secretion
Connective Tissue
Fluid Connective Tissue
1) Blood
2) Lymph
Connective Tissue Proper
1) Loose
1) Areolar
2) Adipose
3) Reticular
2) Dense
1) Regular
2) Irregular
3) Elastic
Supporting Connective Tissue
1) Cartilage
1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage
1) Bone
1) Spongy
2) Compact
Connective Tissue
Fluid Connective Tissue
Blood – in blood vessels and heart
Lymph – in lymph vessels and lymph nodes
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose
Dense
1) Areolar - Papillary region of dermis,
1) Regular – Tendons, ligaments
around blood vessels, C.T. of membranes
2) Irregular – Joint capsules
2) Adipose - Hypodermis, eye sockets,
Reticular region of dermis
renal fat capsule
3) Elastic – Elastic ligaments, walls of
3) Reticular - Spleen, lymph node,
arteries, penile ligaments
capsule of liver and kidney
Supporting Connective Tissue
Cartilage
1) Hyaline – nose, trachea, larynx,
Costal cartilage, articular cartilage
1) Elastic – epiglottis, external ear
2) Fibrocartilage – intervertebral disc,
pubic symphysis, menisci
Bone
1) Spongy – inner portion
2) Compact – outer portion
Areolar Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Tissue
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Elastic Tissue
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Fluid Connective Tissue
Hematopoietic stem cells produce blood and lymph cells
Bone Tissue
Compact Bone
Spongy Bone
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Nervous Tissue
Neurons
and
Glial cells