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SMS REVIEW
th
7
Grade Science
What connects what???
•
Tendon-Connects bone to MUSCLE
•
Ligament-Connects BONE to BONE
•
Osteoclast-TEAR DOWN bone
•
Osteoblast-BUILD up bone
Endoskeleton vs Exoskeleton
Endoskeleton-internal skeleton that grows with organism
ex: humans & other mammals, snakes & other reptiles, birds,
amphibians
Exoskeleton-external skeleton that is usually shed and made of
chitin.
ex: crab, clam, oyster, grasshopper & other
insects.
Merry Marrow
• Red marrow-produces red and white blood
cells
• Yellow marrow-fat that replaces red marrow
as a person ages.
• Bone marrow-found inside bone
Joints-place where two bones meet
•
•
•
•
Hinge- forward and back motion….the
elbow and knee
Ball & socket-greatest range of motion...the
hip and shoulder
Saddle-bends like a saddle arch….the thumb
Pivot-circular motion….the first two
vertebrae (the neck connection to the head)
Cartilage vs. Bone
Cartilage
• Dense tissue that cushions
bones at a joint.
• Cartilage can withstand high
pressures...like running and
jumping
•
Bone
Is made up of LIVING tissues
• Calcium is needed to build
STRONG bones!!
• Exercise helps to maintain
HEALTHY bones!!
Be careful with your bones!
• Arthritis-
•
inflammation of one
or more joints
• Osteoporosis-the
loss of bone tissue
leaving bones brittle
and easily broken.
•
Osteoma-a benign
bone tumor (the word
benign means NOT
cancerous or
harmless)
Osteosarcoma-a
malignant bone
tumor (the word
malignant means
CANCEROUS)
Your muscles fall into two categories…
• Voluntary muscles-muscles that we CONTROL
the movement of
• Involuntary muscles-muscles that move on their
own without our control.
Voluntary muscles-we control
• Skeletal muscles
• Lifting boxes
• Moving your arm
• kicking a ball
• CHOOSING to blink (however
blinking is involuntary)
Involuntary muscles-works on
own
• Stomach churning
• digestion
• smooth muscles
• heartbeat (cardiac muscles)
• blinking
We have 3 types of muscle tissue…
1) Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart.
2) Skeletal muscles get tired quickly during
exercise but cardiac muscles do not.
3) Smooth muscles are usually found in the
stomach, line esophagus, small and large
intestine, blood vessels.
Skeletal muscles are the
only type of
VOLUNTARY
muscles!!!
Cardiac and Smooth
are
INVOLUNTARY
Antagonistic Muscles-opposites attract!!!
• CONTRACT & EXTEND…..all muscles work
in PAIRS!!!
• While one muscle contracts,
the other muscles extends to
its original length.
• Muscle cells can only CONTRACT!!!! To
EXTEND is to contract in the opposite
direction!!!
Did someone say exercise?
•Exercise helps muscles maintain their
strength and flexibility!!!
Skin, Skin, Skin, Skin, Skin, Skin
•The word INTEGUMENTARY is a fancy
way of saying SKIN!!!
•Your skin has three main functions:
• Protection
• Regulation
• Sensation
Your skin has 3 main jobs; how many
jobs do YOU have???
#1 Protection-it protects the body from injury and
infection by keeping disease-causing microorganisms
outside the body.
#2 Regulation-The skin also helps to regulate body
temperature by enabling excess heat to escape from
the body while preventing water loss.
#3 Sensation-The skin also eliminates waste, gathers
information about the environment, and produces
Vitamin D.
Melanin and Skin Care
•Melanin is a pigment in our skin that protects
our skin from BURNING!!!!
•Care for your skin:
• WASH your skin to prevent ACNE
• Limit sun exposure to protect against cancer.
• EAT properly
• Drink plenty of WATER!!!
Do you love to layer?
• The DERMIS is the thickest layer of the skin
and is found under the epidermis.
• The DERMIS contains nerves, sweat glands,
hairs, pores, oil glands, and blood vessels.
Layers, layers, layers!
• The EPIDERMIS is the outer part of the skin.
• The EPIDERMIS has no nerves or blood vessels, contains
melanin, & contains dead and living cells!!!
• The dead cells are on the outside and the living cells are
underneath the dead ones!!!
KNOW YOUR DRAWINGS!!!
•BE ABLE TO LABEL THE
SKELETON!
•BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE 3
TYPES OF MUSCLES
•BE ABLE TO LABEL THE SKIN
DIAGRAM