Download Option B

Option B
• Muscles and Fitness
Movement in Humans
• Muscles: provide the force needed
locomotion
• Tendons: attach muscle to bone
• Bones: provide an anchor for muscles, act
as levers changing the size or direction of
forces generated by muscles
• Ligaments: connect bone to bone,
restricting movement at the joint
• Nerves: stimulate and coordinate muscle
movement
Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle
Contraction
• Relaxed vs. Contracted Sarcomere
• Synaptic Transmission
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com
Animation: Action Potentials and Muscle
Contraction
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(Knee) Joint: junction between bones
Cartilage – reduces friction;
Synovial Fluid – lubrication;
Joint Capsule – seals the joint, holds in the
synovial fluid
• Ligaments
Joint Injuries
• Sprains Grade I, II, III
• Grade I sprain: pain with minimal damage
to the ligaments.
• Grade II sprain: massive ligament
damage and mild looseness of the joint.
• Grade III sprain: the ligament is completely
torn and the joint is very loose or unstable.
Torn Muscle
Joint Dislocation: bones moved out
of alignment; often accompanied by
ligament damage
Intervertebral Disc Damage:
bulging disc presses on nerves
causing radiating pain