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Nine Causes of Injury
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Intrinsic Factors
Extrinsic factors
Over-use
Alignment
6. Intensity
7. Effect of Levels
8. Gravity
9. Resistance
CAUSES OF INJURY:
Injuries occur in two ways;
1. Extrinsically or 2. Intrinsically
Either as a result of
external force from outside your
body or
internal force from inside your body.
An externally caused injury might
involve someone bumping into
you, impacting on your body to
cause a fracture or dislocation.
Most common in contact sports.
Extrinsic Forces
Impact injuries are common in invasion sports
There are two types, Impact with;
• Someone , tackle, collision, punch, kick or
• Something, hockey stick/ball, landing hard,
running into a post.
These cause bruises, sprains, fractures, dislocations
or concussion.
INTRINSIC INJURIES
Internally, sudden movements can strain
and tear soft tissue, muscle fibres and
tendons, or damage ligaments, something
that’s also possible from overtraining.
Chronic injuries arise when a condition is left
untreated.
OVERUSE AND CHRONIC INJURIES
Overuse injuries;
• As the name implies these are caused by
using a part of the body again and again and
include tennis or golf elbow., both count as
repetitive strain injuries or RSI
• Initially these can be eased with RICE
Chronic injuries
• These happen when this type of injury is not
treated or given time to heal.
Types of injuries we are going to be
examining….
•
•
•
•
Concussion
Sprains
Fractures
Dislocations
COMMON TYPES OF INJURY
1. Fractures:
a crack or a break in a bone or bones
Closed
- when the bone breaks but stays inside the skin.
Open
- when the bone breaks and comes out
through the skin.
2. Dislocation
when the bones of a joint are wrenched apart
3. Torn Cartilage
which tears, often in the knee and can 'lock' the joint
COMMON TYPES OF INJURY
4. Concussion
– shaking/bruising to the brain
• Caused by impact to the head, often
knocking the person unconscious
COMMON TYPES OF
INJURY
Soft tissue injuries: treated with RICE
Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or torn around a joint,
eg twisted or sprained ankle.
Strains - when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn,
eg pulled muscle.
Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under the skin following
impact.
Pulled/torn muscles damage to fibres
Skin damage:
• Cuts - caused by impact with a sharp object.
• Grazes and blisters - caused by friction or rubbing.
Sprains
• Task:
1. Open a word
document the title is
Causes & types of
injuries.
2. Using the internet
find a definition of a
sprain.
3. Use Google images
to find a picture of a
sprain.
You have 4 minutes!
Signs & Symptoms of a Sprain
SIGNS – what can you
see?
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Discolouration
SYMPTOMS – what are
they telling you?
• Pain
• Immobility of the joint
• Unable to put weight on
the injured part
Task: In your word document list the signs
and symptoms for a sprain
How would you
treat a sprain?
What sports are Sprains
most common in and why?
R.I.C.E
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Task: In your word document state how you would treat a
sprain and identify what sports are sprains most common in
and why.
Fractures
• Task:
1. Open a word
document the title is
Causes & types of
injuries.
2. Using the internet
find a definition of a
fracture
3. Use Google images
to find a picture of a
fracture
You have 4 minutes!
Signs & Symptoms of a
Fracture
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SIGNS – what can you
see?
Swelling
Bruising
Discolouration
Deformity
Blood if it is an open
fracture
Pale
Sweating
SYMPTOMS – what are
they telling you?
• Pain
• Unable to move injured
area
• Unable to put weight on
the injured part
• Feel sick
Task: In your word document list the signs
and symptoms for a fracture
How would you
treat a fracture?
What sports are Fractures
most common in and why?
• Phone 999
• Reassure them
• Pad around the area if
possible
• Keep them warm
Task: In your word document state how you would treat a
sprain and identify what sports are fractures most common
in and why.
Fractures
Two types of fractures:
• Simple/closed:
Bone has broken under
the skin.
• Compound/open
fractures.
The bone is broken
through the skin.
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•
•
•
Signs & Symptoms:
Pain
Swelling
Could hear a grating
noise
• Deformity
• Blood if it is a open
fracture
Treatment of a fracture
• Treatment of a
Simple fracture:
• Call 999, support the
injured part – take to
hospital.
• DO NOT MOVE
CASUALITY IN
BOTH CASES!
• Treatment of a
Compound fracture:
– Call 999 cover the site
with a sterile dressing
to prevent blood loss.
Apply pressure to stop
bleeding BUT NOT
ON THE BONE!!!
What sports are fractures most common in?
Dislocation
• Task:
1. Open a word
document the title is
Causes & types of
injuries.
2. Using the internet
find a definition of a
dislocation
3. Use Google images
to find a picture of a
dislocation
You have 4 minutes!
Signs & Symptoms of a
Dislocation
•
•
•
•
•
SIGNS – what can you
see?
Swelling
Bruising
Redness
Deformity
Warmth to the area
•
•
•
•
SYMPTOMS – what are
they telling you?
Pain
Loss of movement
Unable to put weight on
the injured part
Feel sick
Task: In your word document list the signs
and symptoms for a dislocation
How would you
treat a
dislocation?
•
•
•
•
What sports are dislocation
most common in and why?
Call 999
Reassure them
Use a sling if possible
Keep them warm
Task: In your word document state how you would treat a
sprain and identify what sports are dislocations most
common in and why.
Dislocations
• Dislocations are:
• Dislocations occur at
joints where the bone
comes away from the
socket.
• Signs & Symptoms:
• Pain in the injured area.
• Loss of movement to the
injured area
• Swelling
• Deformity of the area
• Warmth to the area
• Bruising or discolouration
• Redness.
Treatment of Dislocation
• Treatment:
• Call 999 for an
ambulance
• Keep them warm to
prevent shock
occurring.
• Immobilise neck and
dislocated shoulder
with padded splints or
sling.
• DO NOT ATTEMPT
TO REPOSITION
THE DISLOCATED
BONE!!!!
What sports are fractures most common in?
Concussion
• Task:
1. Open a word
document the title is
Causes & types of
injuries.
2. Using the internet
find a definition of a
concussion
3. Use Google images
to find a picture of a
concussion
You have 4 minutes!
Signs & Symptoms of a
concussion
•
•
•
•
SIGNS – what can you
see?
Swelling
Bruising
Maybe a cut on the head
Pale
•
•
•
•
SYMPTOMS – what are
they telling you?
Headache
Dizziness
Loss of short term
memory
Sickness
Task: In your word document list the signs
and symptoms for concussion
How would you
treat a
concussion?
What sports are concussion
most common in and why?
• Conscious – keep them
awake & monitor them,
treat any wounds.
• Unconscious & breathing –
put them in the recovery
position, phone for an
ambulance.
Task: In your word document state how you would treat a
sprain and identify what sports are concussion most
common in and why.
Concussion
• Concussion can be
defined as a
disturbance of the
brain function and is
usually brought about
by a blow to the head.
• Signs & Symptoms:
• Dizziness
• Loss of short term
memory
• Headache
• Sickness (nausea)
Treatment
• Conscious – keep them awake & monitor
them, treat any wounds.
• Unconscious & breathing – put them in the
recovery position, phone for an
ambulance.
What sport is concussion most common in?