Download Types of Muscle Movements

Types of Muscle
Movements
Names given to types of
movements
I. Types of Muscle Movements
A. General Information
 1. The five golden rules of skeletal activity

a. With few exceptions, all muscles cross at
least one joint
 b. Typically, the bulk muscle lies proximal to
the joint crossed
 c. All muscles have at least two attachments:
the origin and the insertion
 d. Muscles can only pull; they never push
 e. During contraction, the muscle insertion
moves toward the origin.

I. Types of Muscle Movements

A. General Information (cont)
2. The types of body movement depends on
the mobility of the joint
 3. Common muscle movements

 a.
Flexion
 b. Extension
 c. Rotation
 d. Abduction
 e. Adduction
 f. Circumduction
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Flexion
A
sagittal plane movement
 Decreases the angle of the joint
 Brings two bones closer together
 Typical with hinge joints
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Extensions
 Opposite
of flexion
 Increase the angle of a joint
 Increases the distance between bones
 Extensions greater than 1800, is called a
hyperextension
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Rotation
 Movement
around the longitudinal axis
 Common with ball-n-socket joints
 Also describes the movement of the atlas and axis
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Abduction
 Moving
a limb away from the midline or median
plane
 Generally in the frontal plane
 Describes the fanning movement of the phalanges
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Adduction
 Is
the opposite of abduction
 Movement of the limb toward the midline or
median plane
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Common muscle movements

Circumduction
 Combines
flexion, extension, abduction, and
adduction
 Common in ball-n-socket joints like the shoulder
 The proximal end is stationary
 The distal end moves circularly
 Limb looks like a cone
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Special muscle movements

Occur in only a few joints
 Dorsiflexion
and Plantar flexion
 Inversion and eversion
 Supination and pronation
 Opposition
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Special muscle movements

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion
 Up
and down movements of the foot
 Lifting the foot toward the shin is dorsiflexion
 Depressing the foot is Plantar flexion

Inversion and Eversion
 Describes
movement of the foot
 Inversion is turning of the foot medially
 Eversion is turning of the foot laterally
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Special muscle movements

Supination and Pronation
 Refer
to the bones of the forearm (ulna and radius)
 Supination is when the forearm rotates laterally


The palm faces anteriorly
The radius and ulna are parallel
 Pronation



is when the forearm rotates medailly
The palm faces posteriorly
The radius moves across the ulna
The bones form an X
I. Types of Muscle Movements

Special muscle movements

Opposition
 Associated
with the palm
 Allows opposition to the thumb
 The saddle joint between the metacarpal 1 and the
carpal (Trapezium) bone

Allows the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers
II. Skeletal Muscle Interactions
 Movement is the response of muscles
interacting together (against each other)
 Muscles are arranged so that one set of
muscles can undo what other muscles can
do
 Muscles required to make a specific
movement are called the Prime mover
 Muscles used to perform the opposite
movement are called Antagonists
II. Skeletal Muscle Interactions
 Muscles that help prime movers or reduce
undesirable movements are called
Synergists
– Produce the same movement
 Muscles that hold bones still or stabilize the
origin of a prime mover are called Fixators
– Allows for all of the tension of the prime movers
to be applied to the movement desired
 Postural muscles
 A.
General Information
1. Named by the direction of the muscle
fibers
 2. Relative size of the muscle
 3. Location of the muscle
 4. Number of origins
 5. Location of the muscle’s origin and
insertion
 6. Shape of the muscle
 7. Action of the muscle
