Download Lower Leg Injuries - Stovka Sport Coach

Anatomy- Bones
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28 bones (called phalanges)
Each toe has three bones (proximal, middle, distal) except the big
toe which only has the proximal and distal
Toe joints are interphalangeal joints
Bones under big toe are called sesamoids which ease muscular
movement over a bony surface (assist flexion)
Metatarsals are long bones of the foot (numbered 1 to 5)
Metatarsophalangeal joints are joints between the metatarsals and
phalanges
Midfoot contains small several bones that joint together at the joint
and produce small movements
Calcaneus is the heel bone
Medial malleolus is the end of the tibia on the medial side and the
end of the fibula
Lateral malleolus is the end of the fibula at the lateral aspect
Anatomy
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Arches of the Foot
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3 arches on planter (bottom)
of foot
Purpose of arches shock
absorbant
Transverse arch in front of
the heel and goes to the fifth
metacarpal to the navicular
bone
Longitudinal arch runs from
the calcaneus to the
metatarsal heads
Metatarsal arch runs along
the metatarsal heads
Anatomy- Muscles
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Peroneal muslces
(proneus brevis and
proneus longus) attatch to
the lateral aspect and
under side of the foot to
stabilize the lateral aspect
of the foot
Gastrocnemius attaches
by the Achilles tendon and
allows the athletes to
propel themselves when
running
Anatomy- Ligaments
 Lateral
ligaments include anterior
talofibular,
posterial
talofibular,
calcaniofibular ligaments hold bony
structures together on lateral side (weaker
than medial side)
 Medial ligaments includes deltoid
covers the entire medial side, maintains
stability (especially during eversion)
Prevention
Wear shoes!!!  they
provide ankle and foot
support
 Supportive ankle tapping to
prevent ankle inversion
 Wear shin guards to
prevent contusions of the
lower leg
 Strengthing and
conditioning programs
 If physicians find a
weakness in the leg they
should be replaced in
rehabilitation
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Ligament Injuries
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Great Toe Sprains
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Excessive force is applied to the
great (big) toe during flexion or
extension
Cause: stubbing your toe,
suddenly stopping when
running, and landing awkwardly.
Symptoms: pain, tenderness,
unable to move toe, swelling,
and bruising
Treatment: PRICE
Ligament injuries Cont…
 Arch
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Sprain
Causes: prolonged stress on the feet,
overstretching
Symptoms: pain, tenderness, and sometimes
bruising on bottom of foot
Treatment: PRICE
Ligament Injuries Cont…
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Lateral and Medial Ankle sprains
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When the ankle is inverted the lateral ligaments are injured,
when everted the deltoid ligaments are injured
85% of ankle sprains are caused by excessive inversion
The ankle is the most often sprained part of the body
Causes: awkwardly planting the foot, stepping on an irregular
surface, during athletic events when one player steps on
another
Symptoms: swelling, pain, and joint may throb, difficulty walking,
discoloration, redness, and warmth
Treatment: PRICE!
Ligament Injuries Cont…
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Ankle dislocation
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Causes: foot is forcefully
flexed downwards injuring the
posterior aspect, or the heel
strikes the ground forcefully
injuring the anterior aspect
Symptoms: pain, athlete will
refuse to move, inability to
move the foot, deformity,
rapid swelling
Treatment: call 911, splint the
lower leg/ankle, ice, team
physician should relocate the
bone
Muscle and Tendon Injuries
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Achilies tendonitis
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Inflammation of the achilles tendon
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Causes: repetitive running jumping
and landing, causes the cells in the
tendon to break down prematurely
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Symptoms: gradual onset of pain,
tenderness, swelling, redness,
crepitus, and you can sometime feel
it creaking when you press your
fingers into the tendon and ankle
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Treatment: ice and pressure, refer to
physician, gentle stretching and
strengthening exercises
Muscle and Tendon Injuries Cont…
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Achilles Tendon Rupture
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Largest tendon in the body
Grow weak and thin with age
Illnesses such as arthritis and
diabetes and some antibiotics
increase the chance of this injury
Most commonly occurs in middleaged male athletes
Causes: forceful push off while
knee is straight, trip or stumble, fall
from high heights
Symptoms: severe pain on tendon
sound of a loud pop or snap, feel
gap in tendon, swelling and
stiffness, bruising, weakness
Treatment: iced, call 911, surgery
Bone Injuries
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Fifth Metatarsal Avulsion Fracture (Jones
Fracture)
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Most common avulsion fracture
When the ankle is forced into inversion the
muscles contract forcefully to stabilize the lateral
aspect of the ankle and the proneus brevis
tendon pulls apart of the bone away at its
attachment
Symptoms: swelling, bruising, pain in the middle
out side of the foot
Treatment: cast, doctor
Bone Injuries Cont…
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Epiphyseal Injury of Distal Tibia and Fibula
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Growth plates become injured when ankle is forced
into planter flexion and inversion
Symptoms: pain, swelling, difficulty walking
Treatment: splint, refer to a doctor
Stress Fracture
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Most commonly occurs on tibia, fibula, and
metatarsals
Causes: repetitive stress, usually running
Symptoms: pain, swelling,
Treatment: rest, refer to physician, sometimes casted
Other Common Injuries
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Shin splints
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Causes: wearing bad shoes, being
out of shape for the type of running
event, tight calf muscles
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Symptoms: pain, swelling, lumps
redness
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Treatment: PRICE
 Anterior Compartment Syndrome
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Muscles on the anterior aspect of
the tibia are enclosed by
connective tissue and if overused
or severely impacted the tissue
swells
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Symptoms: pain, hot, red, loss of
movement, area is hard
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Treatment: refer to physician
immediately where they will make
an incision
Other Common Injuries Cont…
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Contusions
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Impact of a ball stick or foot
on shin
Symptoms: swelling, pain,
discoloration, limp, loss of
motion
Treatment: ice and rest
Toe abnormalities
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Hammer Toe- the middle
joint of the toe is flexed and
the metatarssal and distal
phalangeal joint is
hyperextended
Halux Valgus (Bunion) –
excessive pressure on the
great toe toward the
midline from poor footwear
Other Common Injuries Cont…
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Ingrown Toenail –
where the nail grows
into the surrounding
soft tissue from poor
trimming of the nail.
(trim nail straight
across and not too
short)
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