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Transcript 
PRINCIPLES OF
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
12
THIRD EDITION
Cindy L. Stanfield | William J. Germann
Muscle Physiology
Part C
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by W.H. Preston, College of the Sequoias
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Contraction Speed
Figure 12.23
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Oxidative and Glycolytic Fibers
Figure 12.24
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Fatigue
Figure 12.25
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Attachments
Figure 12.26
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Antagonistic Muscles
Figure 12.27
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Spindle
Figure 12.28
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Spindle Responses
Figure 12.29
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Alpha / Gamma Coactiviation
Figure 12.30
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Golgi Tendon Organs
Figure 12.31
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Tissue Types
Figure 12.32
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© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Properties of Smooth Muscle
• One nucleus
• Tropomyosin
• No troponin
• Dense bodies analogous to Z line
• Slow myosin ATPase
• Myosin has light chains
• Little sarcoplasmic reticulum
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Smooth Muscle Cell
Figure 12.33
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Ca2+
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Ca2+
Ca2+
Calmodulin
Ca-calmodulin
MLCK
Unphosphorylated
myosin light
chain
Phosphorylated
myosin light
chain
No myosin
ATPase activity
Myosin ATPase
active
No crossbridge
activity
Crossbridge
cycling
Smooth muscle cell
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Contraction
Figure 12.34
Single-Unit Muscle
Figure 12.35b
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Properties of Single-Unit Smooth Muscle
• Gap junctions
• Pacemaker cells
with spontaneous
depolarizations
• Innervation to few
cells
• Tone = level of
contraction without
stimulation
• Increases/decreases
in tension
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
• Graded Contractions
•
No recruitment
•
Vary intracellular
calcium
• Stretch Reflex
•
Relaxation in
response to
sudden
or prolonged
stretch
Multi-Unit Muscle
Figure 12.35a
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Multi vs. Single-Unit Muscle
Figure 12.35
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Spontaneous Depolarizations
Figure 12.36
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Cardiac Muscle
Figure 12.37
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Muscle Comparisons
Table 12.2
Copyright
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
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