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Muscular Dystrophy
By: Krystal Freeman
Is What?
Is a genetic disorder that weakens the
muscles that help the body move.
is a group of disorders that involve muscle
weakness and loss of muscle tissue that
gets worse over time.
is a group of genetic, degenerative diseases
primarily affecting voluntary muscles.
Types of Muscular Dystrophy
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Facioscapulohumernal Muscular Dystrophy
Myotonic Dystrophy
Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
• Not covered since is found later in life 40’s to 50’s
– Distal Muscular Dystrophy
– Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
• One nine types, Typically affects the individual between
age two to six years old
• Is caused from a non existence of dystophin which is a
protein that helps keep muscle cell intact.
• Has an overall weakness and wasting of muscles of the
hip, pelvic area, thighs and shoulders.
• Eventually effects all voluntary muscles including the
heart and muscles used to breath with.
• Primarily found in boys which is inherited from their
mothers
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
• Very similar to Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy in how what it effects and what
it effects in the body
• Is typically found during adolescents and
adulthood
• Progresses slowly.
• Most live into mid to late adulthood
• Primarily affects boys and men who
received it from their mothers
Emery-Dreifuss Muscular
Dystrophy
• Usually found by the age 10
• Weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper
arm and calf muscles; joint stiffening;
• Causes: Mutations in the genes that
produce emerin, lamin A or C, proteins in
the membrane that surrounds the nucleus
of each muscle cell.
• Progresses slowly
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
• Found anytime between childhood and
adulthood
• Cause: is a mutation in any of the 15
different genes that affect proteins that are
needed for muscle function
• Effects the shoulders and hips.
• Typically moves slowly
Facioscapulohumernal Muscular Dystrophy
• Found by age 20
• Caused by a missing piece of DNA on
chromosome 4.
• Weakness/wasting of the muscles around the
eyes and mouth, and of the shoulders, upper
arms and lower legs. Can move further down to
the abdominal and hip.
• Progresses slowly yet has periods of rapid
deterioration. Can span over many decades.
Myotonic Dystrophy
• Congenital form appears at birth however the
more common form may begin in teen or adult
stage of life
• Cause is by a repeated section of DNA on either
Chromosome 19 or 3.
• Overall weakness. Affecting the face, lower legs,
forearms, hands and neck. (other symptoms:
vision, heart/respiration, learning disabilities in
some cases)
• Is more severe form
• Slow effect that can last for 50 to 60 years.
Distal Muscular Dystrophy
• Effects lower arms, hands, lower legs and
feet.
• Cause is a mutation in any of at least eight
genes that affect proteins necessary to the
function of muscles.
• Found from childhood to adulthood.
• Is not life threatening and slow moving
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
• Found at or near birth
• Genetic mutation that affects some of the
proteins needed for muscles and sometimes for
the eyes and or brain
• Overall muscle weakness, maybe some joint
stiffness or looseness.
– Different types include: spinal curvature, respiratory
insufficiency, mental retardation, or learning
disabilities, eye defects or seizures.
Adaptive Technologies?
• The world of computers have become
wonderful for many that suffer that
muscular dystrophy
– They can use computers to help write if they
have limited mobility, a strong knowledge of
fingertips for many,
– Alternate keyboards, voice input systems,
adapted joysticks, word prediction programs,
electronic pointing devices, other adaptations.
Classroom
• To know and understand their type of Muscular
Dystrophy
• To help them achieve the fullest potential that they are
able to meet
• Make sure they are not left out and are included into the
groups under all circumstances.
• Make sure they are equally treated by everybody in the
classroom including yourself.
• Since many do not have learning disabilities they are
only limited onto what their body is able to do, find things
that make them able to participate.
Websites & Works Cited
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www.mdasua.org
www.health.google.com
www.webmd.com
http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/bones/muscular_dystr
ophy.html
http://www.parentingexposed.com/education/teaching-children-withmuscular-dystrophy.php
http://www.mdausa.org/publications/tchrdmd/dmd2.html
http://www.mdausa.org/publications/journey/7-4.html
http://www.fctd.info/factsheet/glossary