Download LOCOMOTION

LOCOMOTION
LOCOMOTION

Is the ability of an
organism to move
from place to place

Sessile – organism
tends to remain
attached to one
place

Motile- ability to
move from place to
place
ENDOSKELETON

Some organisms
have an
endoskeleton which
is located on the
inside of the
organism and is
made of bone and or
cartilage
 Example : humans,
dogs, monkeys
EXOSKELETON

Some organisms
have an exoskeleton
which is located
outside of the
organism
 Example:
grasshopper has an
exoskeleton made of
chitin
ADVANTAGES OF LOCOMOTION

Increases chances of finding food
Increases chances of escaping enemies
Increases chances or finding shelter
Increases
chances of finding a mate
Increases chances of overall
survival
ADAPTATIONS OF LOCOMOTION

Protists may have
cilia which are short
hair like structures,.

flagella which are
long whip like tails

Or pseudopods
which are temporary
projections of
cytoplasm
Adaptations

Earthworms move by
the action of muscles
and setae which are
bristle like
projections.
ADAPTATIONS

Grasshoppers have
an exoskeleton
made of chitin,
jointed appendages
and muscles for
movement.
HYDRA

Hydra are mostly
sessile but at times
they glide on their
base or somersault.

Human locomotion
includes the
interaction of bones,
cartilage, muscles,
tendons, ligaments
and nerves
BONES

Bones are made of
living cells
surrounded by a
non-living substance
that is secreted by
bone cells
 Bone cells are called
osteocytes
FUNCTION OF BONES
Support and protect body structures
 Place for muscle attachment
 Act as levers to produce body
movements
 Produce blood cells in the marrow

CARTILAGE

Flexible, fibrous and
elastic tissue
 The human embryo
is made of cartilage
which is replaced by
bone
FUNCTION OF CARTILAGE
Allows flexibility of the joints
 Cushions against impact or pressure
 Supports structures but allows bending (
ears, nose, trachea)

MUSCLE

Tissue made of cells
that have the ability
to contract
TYPES OF MUSCLES
SKELETAL

Has a striated
(striped) appearance
 Is under conscious
control
 It is used to make
voluntary movement
 Examples: legs,
arms, fingers
SMOOTH MUSCLE

Does not have
striations
 Is involuntary – is not
under conscious
control
 Examples: digestive
system, diaphragm,
blood vessels
CARDIAC MUSCLE

Found only in the
heart
 Has striations
 Involuntary
TENDONS

Tough, inelastic
connective tissue
 Connects muscles to
bones
LIGAMENTS

Tough elastic
connective tissue
 They connect bone
to bone