Download Introduction to Sports Injuries - CCVI

Introduction to Sports Injuries
General Definitions
• Acute injuries – Happen at one specific instant
• Chronic injuries – Happen due to prolonged
abuse or inbalances
• All injuries occur due to:
– Direct Blows, Torsions or Shearings
• Soft Tissue – skin, organs, tendons, ligaments
• Hard Tissues - bone
Acute Injuries
• Sudden that usually are accompanied by swelling
• Strains
– Muscle or tendon is stretched to the point where the
fibres start to tear
– Prevention through warmup and stretching
• Sprains
– Ligament and joint capsule damage caused by twisting
motions that muscles can’t control
– Prevention through flexibility and stable joints
• Ex – unhappy triad, ankle inversion, dislocations
Grades of Acute Injuries
• Strains
– 1 – slight stretch of the muscles/tendons
– 2 – partial tear
– 3 – complete tear
• Sprains
– 1 – stretch of ligaments
– 2 – stretched to partial tear
– 3 – Complete tear
Chronic Injuries
• Overuse or stress injuries that develop
gradually
• Result of repetitive activities (running, tennis)
• Muscle tissue gradually develops microscopic
tears that cause pain, swelling and tenderness
• Prevention through stretching and
strengthening routines
• Ex – tennis elbow, shin splints, tendonitis
Musculoskeletal Healing Process
Stage 1 – The Inflammatory Phase
• 3 – 4 days
• Recognized by swelling, heat, altered function
• R – Rest – 2-3 days with immobilization
• I – Ice – Reduces pain and spasm, minimizes cell
death and causes vasoconstriction
• C – Compression – Decreases swelling by slowing
the flow of fluid to the area
• E – Elevation – Decreases swelling by encouraging
blood to return to the heart and not pool
Stage 2 – The Regeneration Phase
• 48 hours + after the injury to weeks
depending on the injury severity
• Tissue replacement
• Attempt to regain function
Stage 3 – The Remodelling Phase
• Weeks to a year
• Place sport specific forces on the area to
increase strength
• Stress without distress
• Will need to progress as the injury recovers
and strength and stability come back
Prevention of Sports Injuries
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Warm Up
Cool Down
Hydration
Proper Technique
Equipment
Physical Conditioning
Facilities Management
Balanced Opponents
Rules and Enforcement
Common Sense
Benefits of Taping
• Can be used in prevention and to aid after an
injury
• Increases stability of a joint
• Can take pressure or stress off of a body part
• Increases the confidence in an athletes
abilities
• New stretchy tape is being used to help in
taping to keep stability and aid movement
Benefits of Massage
•
•
•
•
Can be used as a recovery method as well
Increases blood flow to certain areas
Can be used to lengthen soft tissue
Can be used to flush metabolites from exercise
from an area
• Can vary in strength (flush, athletic/active, deep)
• Can be used with other techniques (ART – active
release therapy etc)
• Can be used to put compounds into the
skin/muscle
Hip Joint Groin Injuries Basics
• Usually put together as the pain can radiate
from one to the other
• Causes
– Hip – usually articular cartilage damage
– Groin – usually due to overloading muscles or
tendons
Adductor Longus Muscle
• Commonly injured in soccer, track, hockey,
skiing
• Symptoms
– Pain on adduction
– Pain is from the origin and may radiate towards
the groin
– Pain can decrease after initial exertion
Ilio-Psoas Muscle
• Commonly injured in weight lifting, rowing,
running uphill, jumping and hurdling
• Symptoms
– Inflammation of the bursa and tendon beneath
the muscle
– Tenderness at the insertion of the tendon
– Pain in the groin may also occur on hip flexing
Rectus Femoris Muscle
• Commonly injured in kicking actions and fast
starts in running
• Symptoms
– Pain just above the hip joint
– Pain during and after activity
– Pain on flexing of the hip joint or extension of the
knee joint
Other Abdominal Muscles
• Commonly injured in weightlifting, throwing,
gymnastics and wrestling
• Symptoms
– Inflammation is caused by exertion and a stabbing
pain in the abdominal area
– Pain is more pronounced when the muscle is
contracted
Common Injuries to Know
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Unhappy Triad (torn ACL, MCL, Meniscus)
Stress Fractures
Glenohumeral Dislocation
Shin Splints
Concussions
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
Ankle Sprains
Achilles Tendonitis
Acromioclavicular Dislocation
Tennis Elbow
• Split into 10 groups of 2-3 and each group choose one. Send a 1-2
PPT slides to Mr Wardle by Monday of your injury