Download Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology
Class #3
Medical Terminology
• Do page one of your medical terminology
worksheet. Take a break when you are
finished.
Prefixes – a word element at the beginning of the word to alter its
meaning. A prefix can not stand alone; it must be combined with a root
word
A-, an-Without or not
Leuk-White
Ante-Before, forward
Mega-Large
Bi-Double, two
Neo-New
Para-Abnormal
Poly-Many, much
En-In, into, within
Epi-Over, on
Retro-Backward
Hemi-Half
Super- Above, over
In-In, into, within, not
Uni-One
Intro-Into; within
Ad-Toward
Mal-Bad, illness, disease
Auto-Self
Mono-One, single
Contra-Against, opposite
Per-By, through
Ecto-Outer, outside
Endo-Inner, inside
Re-Again
Ex-Out, out of
Sub-Under
Hypo-Under, decreased
Trans-Across
Intra-Within
Ab-Away from
Macro-Large
Anti-Against
Micro-Small
Circum-Around
Non-Not
Peri-Around
Post-After, behind
Pro-Before, in front
Eryth-Red
Semi-Half
Hyper-Excessive
Supra-Above, over
Inter-Between
Root words – provide the fundamental meaning of a term. Combinations of
rootwords, prefixes and suffixes form medical and scientific terms. A vowel,
called a combining vowel, often is added when two root words are combined or
a suffix is added to a root word; the combining vowel is usually an o or an i.
Abdomin (o)Abdomen
Neur (o)Nerve
Aden (o)Gland
Ocul (o)Eye
Adren (o) gland
Orth (o)Straight, normal
Angi (o)Vessel
Oste (o)Bone
Arterio (o)Artery
Ot (o)Ear
Arthr (o)Joint
Ped (o)Child, foot
Broncho (o)bronchi
Cardi (o)Heart
Phleb (o)Vein
Cephal (o)Head
Pnea Breathing
Chondr (o)Cartilage
Pneum (0)Lung, air, gas
Col (o)Colon
Proct (o)Rectum
Cost (o)Rib
Psych (o)Mind
Crani (o)Skull
Pulm (o)Lung
Cyan (o) Blue
Py (o)Pus
Cyst (o)Bladder, cyst
Rect (o)Rectum
Cyt (o)Cell
Rhin (o)Nose
Derma Skin
Sten (o)Narrow, constriction
Duoden (o)Duodenum
Stran (o)Sternum
Encephal (o)Brain
Stomat (o)Mouth
Enter (o)Intestines Therm (o)Heat
Fibro (o)Fiber, fibrousThorac (o)Chest
Gastr (o)Stomach
Thromb (o)Clot, thrombus
hyr (o)Thyroid
Toxic (o)Poison, poisonous
Hepat (o)Liver
Trache (o)Trachea Hydr (o)Water
Hyster (o)Uterus
Ile (o), ili (o)Ileum
Urin (o)Urine
Uter (o)Uterus
Mamm (o)Breast
Vas (o)Blood vessel, vas deferens
My (o)Muscle
Ven (o)Vein
Myel (o)Spinal cord, bone marrow
Vertebr (o)Spine, vertebrae
Nephr (o)kidney
Suffixes – a word element placed at the end of a root word to alter the
meaning of the word. Suffixes, like prefixes, can not stand alone, they
must accompany a root word. The suffix should be the starting point
when interpreting medical terms.
-algia=Pain
-megaly=Enlargement
-oma=Tumor
-cele=Hernia
-osis=Condition -cyte=Cell
-pathy=Disease
-ectasis=Dilation
-phasia=Speaking -plegia=Paralysis
-gram=Record
-graphy=Making a record
iasis=Condition of -scope=Examination instrument
-ism=Condition
-scopy=Examination using a scope
-it is=Inflammation
-logy=Study of
-lysis=Destruction of
-uria=Condition of the urine
Abbreviations – shortened form of words or phrases.
A. Used as written communication to save time and space
B. When using abbreviations, provide an abbreviation key
Abd=Abdomen
IBW=Ideal Body Weight
Ad lib=As desired id=The same
lig=ligament
alt noct=Alternate nights
AM=Morning
meds=Midline
ML=Medicationns n=Normal
Approx=Approximately NA=Nonapplicable
Terms Related to Dx and Dz
Indication – a condition for which an approach would be beneficial for
health enhancement, treatment of a particular condition, or support
of a treatment modality other than massage
Contraindication – a condition or factor that may make an approach
harmful.
Contraindications may be subdivided by severity:
1. General avoidance of application – do not massage
2. Regional avoidance of application – avoid a particular area
3. Application with caution – requires supervision from medical or
supervising personnel – massage but carefully select types of methods
to be used, duration of application, frequency and intensity of massage.
Terminology of Location and
Position
Directional Terms – used to describe the way one
body part relates to another
1. Superior / cranial or cephalad
2. Inferior / caudal
3. Anterior / ventral
4. Posterior / dorsal
5. Proximal
6. Distal
7. Lateral
8. Medial
Terminology of Location and
Position
B. Anatomic Planes
1. Transverse plane
2. Frontal/coronal plane
3. Medial/sagittal plane
Terminology of Location and
Position
C. Positional Terms
1. Anatomic position – stance of the body when
erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing
forward
2. Erect position – the body in a standing position
3. Supine position – the body lying in a horizontal
position with face up
4. Prone position – the body in horizontal position
with face down
5. Laterally recumbent position – the body lying
horizontally on either the right or left side
The End
Lets review terms
Medical Terminology
Tissue – a collection of similar cells acting together to form
a particicular function
Epithelial – closely packed single or stratified layer of cells
(skin) covering the body and lining its cavities with the
exception of blood and lymph vessels
Connective – tissue that supports and binds other tissue
and parts
Muscular – tissues that are contractible – 3 types: cardiac,
smooth muscle and skeletal
Nervous – CNS – brain and spinal cord
PNS – cranial and spinal nerves
ANS – nerves in thoracic, lumbar, cranial and sacral
segments of the Spinal cord
Medical Terminology
Histo - tissue
Histology – study of microscopic anatomic and
physiologic characteristics of tissues and cells
therein
Organ – structural part of a system of the body
that is composed of tissue and cells that enable
it to perform a particular function
Bone – a dense, hard and somewhat flexible
connective tissue
Os, ossa, oste, osteo – having to do with bone
Medical Terminology
Tendon – any one of the white, glistening bands of dense,
fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Ligament – shiny white flexible bands of fibrous tissue
binding joints together and connecting articular bones
and cartilages to facilitate movement
Cartilage – a nonvascular dense supporting connective
tissue composed of ground substance
Hyaline cartilage – a type of elastic connective tissue
composed of Specialized cells in a translucent, pearly
blue matrix covering articulating ends of bones
Fibrocartilage – Cartilage that consists of a dense matrix
of white collagenous fibers.
Medical Terminology
Joint – any one of the articulations between bones
Articulation – movements of joints
Bursae – a fibrous sac between certain tendons and the
bones beneath them. The bursae acts as a small
cushion that allows the tendons to move over the bone
as it contracts and releases
Osteoblasts – a bone forming cell during early
development of the skeleton, differentiates from a
fibroblast to function in the formation of bone tissue
Osteoclasts – a large type of multinucleated bone cell with
a large amount of acidophilic cytoplasm that functions to
absorb and remove osseos tissue
Medical Terminology
Manubrium – most anterior of the 3 bones
of the sternum
Xiphoid Process – the smallest of 3 parts
of the sternum
Malleolus – a rounded bony process such
as each side of the ankle
Process – a natural growth that projects
from a bone
Crest – a narrow, elongated elevation
Medical Terminology
Trochanter – one of the two bony projections on
the proximal end of the femur that serve as a
part of the attachment for various muscles
Tuberosity – an elevation or protuberance
especially of the bone
Acute – beginning abruptly with marked intensity
or sharpness, then subsiding after a relatively
short period of time
Ambulatory – able to walk
Anomoly – deviation from what is regarded as
normal
Medical Terminology
Flaccid – weak, soft and flabby; lacking muscle
tone
Hyperkinisia – too much erratic or rhythmic
movement
Hypertonicity – excessive tone, tension, activity
Insertion – the place where a muscle attaches to
a bone for movement
Origin – the more fixed or proximal attachment of
two points of a muscle
Medical Terminology
Hyperemia – an excess of blood in a part of the body,
caused by increased blood flow, as in an inflammatory
response, local relaxation of arterioles or obstruction of
blood flow from an area. Skin overlaying a hyperemic
area usually becomes reddened and warm
Spastic – pertaining to spasms or other uncontrolled
contractions of skeletal muscles
Myalgia – diffuse muscle pain, usually accompanied by
malaise
Spasm – an involuntary muscle contraction of sudden
onset such as habit spasms, hiccups, stuttering or a tic
Fracture – to break - a traumatic injury to the bone in
which the continuity of the bone tissue is broken
Medical Terminology
Osteoarthritis – joint inflammation - a form of arthritis in
which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes
Osteochondritis – bone cartilage inflammation. A disease
of epiphyses or bone forming centers of the skeleton that
begins with necrosis and tissue fragmentation and is
followed by repair and regeneration
Osteochondrosis – a disease of the epiphyses, or boneforming centers of the skeleton, that begins with necrosis
and tissue fragmentation and is followed by repair and
regeneration.
Osteoporosis – a disorder characterized by abnormal loss
of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, with an
increased fracture risk.
Spondylitis – an inflammation of any of the vertebrae,
usually characterized by stiffness and pain.
Medical Terminology
Atrophy – a wasting or decrease in size or physiologic
activity of a part of the body because of disease or other
influence.
Benign – noncancerous and therefore not an immediate
threat.
Chronic – persisting for a long period, often for the
remainder of a persons lifetime.
Clinical – pertaining to a clinic, to direct bedside medical or
nursing care, to materials or equipment used in the care
of a sick person.
Diagnosis – identification of a disease or condition by a
scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history,
laboratory test results, and procedures.
Medical Terminology
Local – pertaining to a small circumscribed area of the
body
Malignant – tending to become worse and to cause death.
Metastatic – the process by which tumor cells spread to
distant parts of the body.
Prognosis – a prediction of the probable outcome of a
disease based on the condition of the person and the
usual course of the disease as observed in similar
situations.
Sign – an objective finding as perceived by an examiner,
such as fever, rash.
Medical Terminology
Symptom – a subjective indication of a disease or a
change in condition as perceived by the patient.
Syndrome – a complex of signs and symptoms resulting
from a common cause or appearing, in combination, to
present a clinical picture of a disease or inherited
abnormality.
Systemic – pertaining to the whole body rather than to a
localized area or region of the body.
Bacterial – of or pertaining to bacteria.
Cancer – a neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled
growth of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding
tissue and to metastasize to distant body parts.
Medical Terminology
Congenital – present at birth, as in anomaly or defect
Degenerative – pertaining to or involving degeneration or
change to a lower or dysfunctional form.
Epidemic – affecting a significantly large number of people
at the same time.
Exacerbation – an increase in the seriousness of a
disease or disorderas marked by greater intensity in the
signs and symptoms of the patient being treated
Idiopathic – without a know cause
Medical Terminology
Infectious – the invasion of the body by pathogenic
microorganisms that reproduce and multiply, causing
disease by local cellular injury, secretion of a toxin or
antigen/antibody reaction in the host.
Trauma – physical injury caused by violent or disruptive
action or by the introduction into the body of a toxic
substance
Viral – of or pertaining to a virus
Aponeurosis – a strong flat sheet of fibrous connective
tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
or as fascia to bind muscles together or to other tissues
at their origin or insertion.
Belly – the fleshy central bulging portion of a muscle
Medical Terminology
Clonus – an abnormal pattern of neuromuscular
activity, characterized by rapidly alternating
involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal
muscle
Contracture – a abnormal, usually permanent
condition of a joint, characterized by flexion and
fixation
Cramp – a spasmodic and often painful
contraction of one or more muscles
Fascia – the fibrous connective membrane of the
body that can be separated from other
structures, such as tendon.s