Download Muscles of Head & Neck

By
Dr.Pardeep Kumar
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There are two main groups of
head muscles.
 Facial
muscles
 Inserted into soft tissues
 Pull on the skin of the face
 Chewing
muscles (Masticatory
muscles)
 Responsible for breaking down the
foods we eat
epicranial
aponeurosis
frontalis
occipitalis
masseter
buccinator
risorius
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Originates at the cranial
aponeurosis and inserts to the
skin of the eyebrows.
Raises your eyebrows.
Wrinkles your forehead
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It is the sphincter muscle of eyes.
Fibers run circles around the eyes.
Allows you to close your eyes,
squint, blink, and wink.
Origin: Frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion: Tissue around eyes
Action: Blinks and closes eyes
Flow of tears by helping to empty the
lacrimal sac.
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Fibers run circles around the mouth.
Closes the mouth and protrudes the lips
Often called the “kissing” muscle.
Origin: Mandible and Maxilla
Insertion: Skin and muscle around
mouth
Action: Closes and protrudes lips.
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Runs horizontally across the cheek
and inserts into the orbicularis oris.
Flattens the cheek (whistling or
blowing a trumpet).
Compresses the cheek to hold the
food between the teeth during
chewing.
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Extends from the corner of the
mouth to the cheekbone.
Called the smiling muscle
because it raises the corners of
the mouth upward.
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Covers the angle of the lower jaw.
Runs from the temporal bone to
the mandible.
Closes the jaw by elevating the
mandible.
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Fan-shaped muscle overlying the
temporal bone.
Inserts into the mandible.
Acts as synergist of the masseter in
closing the jaw.
Origin: Floor of Temporal fossa
Insert: Coronoid process of Mandible
Action: Closes jaw
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Origin :- pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion :-medical surface near angle of
mandible.
Action :-pulls chin at opporite side
Produce grinding motion
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Origin :-sphenoid bone
Insertion :-mandible
Action :-side to side movement of mandible
Protrude mandible and depress chin
Muscles of Neck are divided into 4 groups
1- superficial
2- Suprahyoid
3- Infrahyoid
4- Deep
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It is a muscle of facial expression
Sheetlike muscle that covers the
anterolateral neck
Origin:- from the connective tissue
covering of the chest
Insertion:- Tissue around mouth
Action: Pulls corners of mouth
inferiorly.
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Two-headed paired muscle.
One head originates at the sternum and
the second head originates at the clavicle.
Heads fuse before inserting into the
mastoid process of the temporal bone.
When both are contracted, they flex the
neck (often called the prayer muscle).
When one contracts, it turns the head the
opposite direction.
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They are 4 in number on each side
Connect Hyoid bone to mandible and
Temporal bone.
1- Digastric
2- Mylohyoid
3- Stylohyoid
4- Geniohyoid
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It has 2 bellies
Origin :- anterior belly lower border of
mandible and posterior belly arise from
mastoid process
Insertion :-hyoid bone
Two bellies of digastric and lower border of
mandible form the Submandibular Triangle
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Origin :-body of mandible
Insertion :- hyoid bone
Action :- supports the floor of mouth
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Origin :- styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion :-hyoid bone
Geniohyoid Muscle
The pair of muscles lie superior to mylohoid
Action :- action of suprahyoid muscles are to
pull the hyoid upward , backward and forward
in swallowing and speaking
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Ribbon like shape so often called the Strap Muscles.
4 muscles anchors the hyoid bone to sternum the clavicle
and scapula.
2 Groups
(A) Superficial (strnohyoid and Omohyoid )
(B) Deep (sternothyroid and thyrohyoid)
Origin and insertion is according to their names
Action :-depress , retract and steady of hyoid bone and
larynx in swallowing and speaking
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It includes
Scalenus anterior
Scalenus posterior
Location:- front and side of cervical vertebra
Origin :-transerse process of C- vertebra
Insertion : scalenus anterior inserted into upper
surface of first rib and scalenus posterior is inserted
into second rib
Action :-elevate first rib ,elevate the second rib or
bending of cervical column.
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It is a triangular space above the first rib
from where brachial plexus and the
subclavian artery passes through.