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THE SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS SKELETAL SYSTEM THE AVERAGE PERSON HAS 206 BONES BONES ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LIGAMENTS LIGAMENT TENDONS ARE CONNECTIVE TISSUES THAT ATTACH BONE TO MUSCLE ACHILLES TENDON FUNCTIONS • GIVES SHAPE AND SUPPORT • ALLOWS MOVEMENT • PROTECTS TISSUES AND ORGANS • STORES CERTAIN SUBSTANCES • PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS DEVELOPMENT OF BONES • CARTILAGE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT FORMS BONES • STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT WEIGHT BUT FLEXIBLE • BONE REPLACES CARTILAGE ABOUT SEVEN MONTHS BEFORE BIRTH • CARTILAGE REMAINS IN JOINTS, EARS, AND NOSE – ACTS AS A CUSHION – PROVIDES SLIPPERY SURFACE FOR BONE MOVEMENT STRUCTURE OF BONES • BONE IS ONE OF TOUGHEST AND LIGHTEST MATERIALS IN THE BODY • 206 BONES MAKE UP ABOUT 14% OF BODY MASS • BONES ARE ALIVE – NERVES, BONEFORMING CELLS, AND BLOOD VESSELS • BONES ARE LIKE ROCKS – HARD AND STRONG – MINERALS MAKE BONES HARD AND STRONG • CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS THE BONE • HOLLOW SHAFT – YELLOW MARROW – FAT AND BLOOD VESSELS – RED MARROW – PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS SURROUNDING THE SHAFT – MEMBRANE CONTAINS BONEFORMING CELLS AND BLOOD VESSELS • MUSCLES ATTACH TO BONE SURFACE • RUNNING THROUGH THE BONE SYSTEM IS A SYSTEM THAT BRINGS FOOD AND OXYGEN • IT ALSO CONTAINS NERVES SKELETAL JOINTS • JOINT – WHERE BONES COME CLOSE TOGETHER • MOVEABLE JOINTS – ALLOW BONES TO MOVE BALL AND SOCKET ALLOWS FOR CIRCULAR MOTION HINGE JOINT ALLOWS FORWARD AND BACKWARD MOVEMENT PIVOT JOINT ALLOWS BONES TO MOVE OVER EACH OTHER THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM • THE ONLY TISSUE THAT CONTRACTS OR SHORTENS • MORE THAN 600 MUSCLES WORK WHILE YOU SLEEP TO KEEP YOU ALIVE MUSCLES ARE MADE OF FIBERS THAT RUN PARRALLEL TO ONE ANOTHER AND ARE HELD TOGETHER BY BUNDLES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SKELETAL MUSCLES • ALLOWS MOVEMENT • ASSOCIATED WITH BONES • STRIATED OR BANDED • VOLUNTARY – YOU CAN CONTROL SMOOTH MUSCLE • CONTROL BREATHING, BLOOD PRESSURE, ETC. • DO NOT HAVE BANDS • INVOLUNTARY YOU DO NOT CONTROL CARDIAC MUSCLE • HEART • WEAVE A COMPLEX MESH • INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS • MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS • NERVE TISSUE IS INVOLVED • MUSCLE CONTRACTS COMPLETELY OR NOT AT ALL INJURIES TO SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEM SPRAIN LIGAMENT IS TORN OR PULLED BEYOND NORMAL RANGE FRACTURE BREAK IN BONE – HEALING BEGINS IMMEDIATELY – BROKEN BLOOD VESSELS FORM CLOT – MINERALS FROM SHARP ENDS ABSORBED – CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWS TO HOLD BONE ENDS TOGETHER DISLOCATION • A BONE IS FORCED OUT OF IT’S JOINT – THIS NEEDS A DOCTOR TO PUT IT BACK
