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Muscular System- Rehab Therapy
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
 If
you weigh 120 pounds, how
much of the weight is muscle?
Approximately 50 pounds
MUSCLE TISSUE- 3 Types



SKELETAL- attached to bone,
voluntary, straited (because of stripes &
straie)
CARDIAC- heart muscle
SMOOTH- nonstraited, involuntary,
found in visceral(organs) and blood
vessel walls
FUNCTION OF MUSCLES- to
contract and lengthen

SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION
1) MOVEMENT
2) POSTURE- MUSCLE TONE
3) HEAT PRODUCTION
MOVEMENT

Muscles move bones by pulling on
them, shortening and contracting.
 The muscle that is the main one
responsible for movement is called
the PRIME MOVER. The other
muscles that help are called
SYNERGISTS.
When prime movers & synergists
contract, other muscles called
ANTAGONISTS relax. When
antagonists contract they produce
movement opposite to prime
movers & synergists.
POSTURE

Tonic Contractions- does not move
any body part, holds them in
position. This is known as posture.
 Isometric Contractions- muscle does
not shorten & no movement occurs.
Ex.- pushing against a wall
 Isotonic
contraction- produces
movement at a joint such as
walking, running or breathing
 Twitch contraction- quick jerky
contraction
 Tetanic
contraction- more
sustained contraction than a
twitch. This is where the name
tetanus comes from because of
the severe cramping also known
as “lock-jaw”.
TENDONS
 Dense
fibrous connective tissue
that acts as cords, connects
muscle to bone
BURSAE
 Small
fluids filled sacs that lie
between some tendons & bones
 Bursitis- inflammation of the
bursae
Bursae

lined with synovial membrane
which secretes a fluid (synovial)
that fills the bursae
 This fluid acts as a cushion
MOVEMENTS
 Flexion-
movement that makes a
joint angle smaller
 Extension- movement that makes
joint angle larger
 Abduction-
moving body part
away from the midline; “abduct”
 Adduction- moving body part
toward the midline; “add”
ROTATION
 Moving
around longitudinal axis
example: “shaking your head
no”
 Supination-
turn palm of hand
anterior or up as with the
anatomical position
 Pronation- turn the palm to
posterior position or down
 Dorsiflexion-
elevate top of foot
toward knee
 Plantarflexion- point foot
downward as if you are standing
on toes
LIGAMENTS

Strong fibrous connective tissue that
grows out of the periosteum &
connects two bones together.
MUSCULAR DISORDERS
 Muscular
dystrophy- progressive
wasting away of muscles
 Muscular atrophy- muscle
shrinkage. Why would this
occur?
 Muscular
hypertrophy- increase
in muscle size
Paralysis
 Injury
to brain or spinal cord in
which muscles cannot contract
 Hemiplegia- paralysis on side
 Paraplegia- paralysis waist down
 Quadraplegia- paralysis from
neck down
Three parts of a muscle
 Body-
main part of the muscle
 origin
 insertion
ORIGIN
 Muscle
Attaches to relatively
stationary bone
INSERTION
 Muscle
attaches to part of bone
that moves
 REFER
TO HANDOUT
ON INDIVIDUAL
MUSCLES- DISCUSS