Download Skeletal System

Skeletal System
Skeletal System–
Framework of bones and
tissues that connect to those
bones
Functions of the Skeletal
System
• Support. Bones work like beams that
support a building.
• Protection. Bones protect the internal
organs of your body from injury.
• Movement. Muscles and bones work
together to move all the body’s parts.
• Produces materials the body needs
• Stores materials the body needs
Development of Bones
• Cartilage– tough, supportive
tissue; softer, more flexible than
bone (newborn’s skeleton is
made mostly of this, most is
replaced by bone)
• Ossification– cartilage
hardening to bone-minerals are
deposited
• Periosteum– tough membrane
that covers bones; contains cells
that form during bone growth
and repair
Development of Bones
• Compact Bone– makes up the outer
layer of bones, hard and dense
• Spongy Bone– lighter in weight, filled
with spaces (absorbs shock)
• Marrow– type of tissue that fills space
in spongy bone
2 types:
1. Red marrow- where most blood cells
are made
2. Yellow marrow- stores fat
Joints– where two or more bones
meet; allow for movement and protect
bones from friction and force
Hinge Joint– joint moves in only one
direction like a door hinge; Ex: Knees,
Elbows, Fingers, Toes
Ball and Socket Joint– the spherical head of
one bone moves inside the cup-shaped socket of
another; the joint can move in all directions; Ex:
Shoulder and Hip
Joints – Continued
Pivot Joint– end of one bone rotates
inside a ring formed by another; joint can
move up and down and side to side; Ex:
cervical vertebrae (neck)
Gliding Joint– one part of a bone glides
over another bone allowing limited
sideways movement; Ex: vertebrae, hand
Joint Connectors
• Cartilage– connecting tissue
that covers the ends of bones
and supports certain structures.
• Ligaments– connecting
tissues that hold bones in place
at the joints
NAME THE PARTS OF THE BONE
1
2
3
5
4
Keeping the Skeletal System
Healthy
Osteoporosis– condition where bones
become brittle and break easily due to
significant mineral loss (including
calcium, phosphorous, potassium and
magnesium)
Scoliosis– abnormal curvature of the
spine
Dislocation– the ends of the bones in a
joint are forced out of their normal
positions
Mandible(jawbone)
Keeping the Skeletal System
Healthy
Fracture– break in a bone
Simple (closed)– bone is cracked or
completely broken in two or more
pieces
Compound (open)– broken ends of
the bone pierce the skin
Which is more dangerous and
why?
Compound because infection can occur
more easily
Types of Muscles
• Voluntary– Muscles that move
under conscious will; Example:
Skeletal muscle
• Involuntary– Muscles that move
under the direction of the
nervous system and various
chemicals in the body; Contract
and relax rhythmically without
the conscious control of the
brain; Examples: smooth
muscle and cardiac muscle
Skeletal Muscles
Muscles that pull on bones to move them.
Strong fibers called tendons connect skeletal
muscle to bones.
Smooth Muscles
Muscles found in various organs, such as the
esophagus and stomach
Cardiac Muscles
Muscles only found in the heart.
They contract and relax about 70 times a
minute without ever stopping or getting tired.
Muscle contraction and
relaxation (extension)