Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Sports Injuries: Strain By the end of the session you should be able to: o List the signs and symptoms of a strain o Describe the types of strain that can occur in sports performance o Describe the psychological effects of having a strain injury SPORTS INJURIES - STRAIN WHAT IS A STRAIN? A muscle strain is damage caused by overstretching the muscle rather than by external impact. It usually happens during dynamic actions produced at speed and can be made worse by lack of control WHAT IS A STRAIN? Muscles consist of thousands of fibres bound together within a sheath of connective tissue. A strain is a twist, pull, or tear of muscle fibres and / or tendons. Tendons are fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone. What causes a strain? List some intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and give sporting examples how these may cause a muscle strain Intrinsic Causes Lack of warm-up. Inadequate fitness or physical weakness. Anatomical factors. Tight muscle groups Muscle imbalance Previous injury. Extrinsic Causes Faulty technique. Inappropriate training: training errors; mode; duration; intensity Inappropriate clothing. Inappropriate footwear. Lack of protective safety equipment. Inappropriate environment. WHAT CAUSES A STRAIN? Chronic strains are the result of overuse – prolonged, repetitive movement – of muscles and tendons. Inadequate rest periods during intensive training precipitates a strain. Acute strains are caused by a direct blow to the body, over stretching, or excessive muscle contraction. There are many different types of muscle strain Strain or tare? Pulled or Torn Muscle Cause: Torn Muscle fibres due to the inability to cope with the force applied to them. Pain is very localised. Reasons: Poor Training, Bad technique, lack of warm up, lack of flexibility. What is a hamsting strain? A hamstring strain or a pulled hamstring as it is sometimes called is a tear in one of the hamstrings muscles (Semitendinosis, Semimembrinosis and Biceps femoris). It often results from an overload of the muscles or trying to move the muscles too fast. Strains are common in all sports especially ones where sprinting is involved. Muscle Strain A muscle is pulled to the point of tearing Neck, back, legs Overtraining, lack of flexibility, unbalanced leg muscle strength, poor state of fitness Sporting example Hurdles Symptoms include: A sudden sharp pain at the back of the leg. Muscles going into spasm. Swelling and bruising. If the rupture is very bad you may feel a gap in the muscle Psychological response’s How do you think Lolo Jones felt at that stage and following her injury? 3 grades of severity Muscle strains are graded by their severity Grade 1 or first degree Grade 2 or second degree Grade 3 or third degree Write down what you think the signs and symptoms are, and how long rest you will need at each stage? E.g. hamstring Grade 1: What does it feel like? Might have tightness in the thigh. May be able to walk properly. Probably won't have much swelling. Lying on front and trying to bend the knee against resistance probably won't produce much pain. Limited damage to small number of fibres 2-3 weeks Grade 2: What does it feel like? Probably cannot walk properly. May get occasional sudden twinges of pain during activity. May notice swelling. Pressing in causes pain. Bending the knee against resistance causes pain. Might be unable to fully straighten the knee. Large proportion of fibres damaged 3-6 weeks Grade 3: What does it feel like? Unable to walk properly without the aid of crutches. Severe pain. Bad swelling appears immediately. A static contraction will be painful and might produce a bulge in the muscle. A complete rupture that normally requires surgery Expect to be out of competition for 3 to twelve weeks or more. Aims of rehabilitation Reduce pain and swelling. Improve flexibility and muscle condition. Restore muscle strength. Return to full fitness.