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SKELETAL SYSTEM bones, ligaments, & tendons Development of Bone Joints -where bones meet! IMMOVABLE joints sutures in skull SLIGHTLY MOVABLE discs of vertebra MOVABLE Ball-and-socket – shoulder, hip Hinge – elbow, knee Pivot- first two vertebra Saddle - base of thumb Gliding - carpals Ellipsoid - base of fingers MUSCULAR SYSTEM Muscles can only contract. They pull on bones to make them move muscle types o STRIATED ~ skeletal, voluntary o SMOOTH ~ lines most internal organs, involuntary o CARDIAC ~ found only in heart, involuntary Muscle parts o TENDONS attach the muscle to the bone MUSCLE CONTRACTION “SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY” Thin filaments (ACTIN) and thick filaments (MYOSIN) move past each other by means of CROSSBRIDGES (part of myosin), thus shortening the myofibrils and so shortening (i.e. contracting) the muscle ATP is required for muscle contraction and is obtained by either AEROBIC or ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Nifty tidbits on the functioning of muscle “All or none response” means that a single muscle fiber either contracts all the way or not at all Therefore the strength of a contraction depends on how many fibers fire at once ATROPHY = disuse of limb replaces muscle with fat and fibers HYPERTROPHY = contraction to 75% max (and over time) causes new myofibrils to be formed and, hence, more muscle mass SLOW-TWITCH FIBERS with steady tug and more endurance (look dark w/i the muscle) FAST-TWITCH FIBERS more anaerobic and seem to be for strength and explosive bursts of energy. They fatigue quickly (look light w/i the muscle.) Slow Twitch is for endurance marathon Fast twitch is for speed and strength Exercises to help train fast-twitch fibers.