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Tissue Healing and Repair
Chapter 5 or 6
Injury Mechanisms
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Force and Its Effects
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Load
Deformation
Yield Point
Elastic Limit
Forces
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Axial Force
Compressive Force
Tensile Force
Shear Force
Stress
Skin Tissue
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Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
Skin Injury Classification
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Abrasions
Blisters
Skin Bruises
Incisions
Lacerations
Avulsions
Punctures
Tendons, Ligaments, and
Aponeuroses
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Tendons
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Ligaments
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Connect muscle to bone
Connect bone to bone
Made up primarily of collagen and elastin
Muscles
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Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Fasciculus
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Muscle Fibers
Myofibrils
Soft Tissue Injury Classification
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Contusions (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)
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Ecchymosis (Superficial bleeding)
Hematoma (Hardening of the blood)
Strains (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)
Sprains (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree)
Cramps and Spasms
Myositis and Faciitis
Soft Tissue Injury Classification
cont.
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Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis
Myositis Ossificans
Calcific Tendinitis
Bursitis
Muscle Bruises- Grading
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1st degree- Little or no range of motion loss.
2nd degree- Noticeable loss or range of motion.
3rd degree- Severe restriction of range of
motion. Fascia may be ruptured causing
muscle tissue to protrude.
Sprains and Strains Grading
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1st degree- Limited pain, only microtearing of
the collagen fibers, no loss of function.
2nd degree- More intense pain, partial tearing
of the tissue, joint instability and muscle
weakness.
3rd degree- Severe pain, complete tearing, loss
of ROM, complete instability.
Soft Tissue Healing
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Inflammatory Phase (0-6 days)
Proliferation Phase (3-21 days)
Regeneration and Maturation Phase (up to 1+
year)
Acute Inflammatory Response
Vasoconstriction
1st Response
Exudate
2nd Response
Platelets
Serum
Axon Reflex
Serotonin
Protein
Complement
Cascade
Catecholamines
Adrenaline
Granular
Leukocytes
Kinin
Cascade
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
Histamine
ATP
Bones
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Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Phosphate
Collagen
Water
Bone Injury Classification
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Fractures
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Closed
Compounded
Transverse
Comminuted
Oblique
Epiphyseal
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Spiral
Greenstick
Avulsion
Impacted
Depressed
Nerves
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Afferent Nerves (Affectors)
Efferent Nerves (Effectors)
Nerve Injury Classification
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Tensile forces cause stretching of the nerve
fibers.
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Grade I: Neurapraxia: temporary loss of sensation
and/or motor function.
Grade II: Axonotmesis: significant motor and mild
sensory losses.
Grade III: Neurotmesis: motor and sensory losses
persisting for up to one year.