Download Muscular System - Victory Christian School

Muscular System
600 Muscles
3 Types of Muscles



Smooth Muscles- Which include the muscles of
internal organs and blood vessels. These
muscles move involuntary.
Cardiac Muscle- Found only in the heart and
also involuntary.
Skeletal Muscles- Are voluntary and help you
move.
3 Types of Muscles
Anatomy of a Muscle Cell
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Direction of
Muscle
Fibers
Location
Action
Skeletal
Muscle
Origin
&
Insertion
Size
Shape
Number
Of
Origins
Direction of Muscle Fibers
Relative to the Midline
RECTUS = parallel to
the midline
Rectus Abdominus
TRANSVERSE =
perpendicular to midline
Transverse
Abdominus
OBLIQUE = diagonal to
midline
External Oblique
Location
Structure near
which muscle is
found
FRONTALIS =
near
FRONTAL
bone
OCCIPITALIS
= near
OCCIPITAL
bone
Size
Relative Size of Muscle
MAXIMUS = largest
Gluteus Maximus
MEDIUS = middle
Gluteus Medius
MINIMUS = smallest
Gluteus Minimus
LONGUS = longest
Fibularis Longus
BREVIS = short
Fibularis Brevis
TERTIUS = shortest
Fibularis Tertius
Origin & Insertion
Origin – attachment to an
immoveable bone
Insertion – attachment to
a movable bone
ILIO COSTALIS= attaches to
the ilium & ribs (costal = ribs)
NAME
ACTION
EXAMPLE
FLEXOR
Decrease angle at a joint
Flexor Carpi Radialis
EXTENSOR
Increase angle at a joint
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
ABDUCTOR
Move bone away from
midline
Abductor Pollicis Longus
ADDUCTOR
Move bone toward
midline
Adductor Longus
LEVATOR
Produce upward
movement
Levator Scapulae
DEPRESSOR
Produce downward
movement
Depressor Labii
Inferioris
SUPINATOR
Turn palm
upward/anterior
Supinator
PRONATOR
Turn palm
downward/posterior
Pronator Teres
Characteristics of Muscles



Muscle cells are elongated
(muscle cell = muscle fiber)
Contraction of muscles is due to the movement
of microfilaments
All muscles share some terminology
 Prefix myo refers to muscle
 Prefix mys refers to muscle
 Prefix sarco refers to flesh
Muscle Movement


Involuntary- Automatically move without you
knowing.
Voluntary- Brain sends message to muscle. You
control the movements.
Muscle Movement

isometric contraction muscle contraction
without appreciable shortening or change in
distance between its origin and insertion.
Muscle Movement

isotonic contraction muscle contraction
without appreciable change in the force of
contraction; the distance between the muscle's
origin and insertion becomes lessened.
Muscle Movement

Tonic-sustained muscular contraction without
intervals of relaxation. (maintaining posture)
Head & Neck Muscles
Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
Posterior Muscles of Shoulder
Muscles
in the
back.
Muscles
in the
lower
arm.
Muscles
in the
lower
arm.
Muscles in the lower leg.
Muscles in the upper leg.
Muscles in the upper leg.
Muscles of the Wrist & Hand
Muscles Of Hip:
Anterior Muscles and Anterior Thigh
Muscles of Anterior Thigh and
Posterior Thigh
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Types Of Muscles


Smooth Muscle- Digestive organs, Makes up 78% of your muscles.
Involuntary
Types of Muscles cont.




Cardiac Muscles- Only found in the heart.
Involuntary.
Makes up 3% of your muscles.
By age 70 heart contracts 2.5 billion times
(assume resting heart beat).
Types of Muscles cont.
Skeletal Muscles- Make
 up 90% of your muscles.
 Voluntary- These are the muscles
 that you can move.

Types of Injuries

Strain- Muscle “pull” or “strain”


Tearing a muscle fiber(s), followed by bleeding or
swelling of muscle
Muscle Cramp- Prolonged contraction of muscle,
ion imbalance
Muscle Terms

Flexion- Movement that reduces a joint angle

Extension- A movement that increases a joint
angle
Body Movements

Flexing of the hamstring.
Body Movements cont.

Extension of the
quadriceps.
Muscle Pairs

Your muscles work in
teams to move your
body. An example of
this is your Bicep and
Tricep.