Download FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OF LIVESTOCK INCIDENT ANNEX

FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASE OF LIVESTOCK
INCIDENT ANNEX
PRIMARY AGENCY:
State: Department of Agriculture
SUPPORT AGENCIES:
State: Attorney General
Department of Environmental Quality
Department of Health Services
Department of Public Safety
Division of Emergency Management
Game and Fish Department
National Guard
University of Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Federal:
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service, Veterinary Services
USDA, Regional Emergency Animal Disease Eradication
Organization (USDA-READEO) for the Western Region
USDA, APHIS, VS Emergency Programs
USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory
USDA Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
SUPPORTING PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS:
Private:
Arizona Veterinary Medical Association
Arizona Cattlemen’s Association
Arizona Pork Council
Arizona Poultry Industry Representative
Arizona State Horsemen’s Association
Arizona Wool Producers
United Dairymen of Arizona
USDA Accredited Veterinary Practitioners
Livestock Markets
Renderers
Livestock Slaughter Establishments
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I.
INTRODUCTION
A.
Purpose
To coordinate the initial, as well as ongoing, response of state and federal
agencies, and private organizations and entities in response to and recovery
from an outbreak of a foreign animal disease. In as much as some foreign
animal diseases are zoonotic, this coordination may also involve the
identification and control of diseases of public health significance. Issues of
major concern in preparedness and response to a foreign animal disease
outbreak include prevention of introduction, disease surveillance, rapid
identification, initiation of steps to reduce the further spread of the disease, and
disposal of infected, exposed, and dead animals during an outbreak.
B.
Scope
This plan provides technical advice and assistance to state, county and local
governments, professional animal health organizations, and industry during a
foreign animal disease outbreak and includes procedures for the identification,
containment, and elimination of a foreign animal disease. This appendix is
applicable to all federal and state agencies identified in the Primary and
Supporting Government Agency outline, as well as USDA accredited veterinary
practitioners. It is anticipated that the remainder of the Supporting Private
Organizations identified in this plan will participate to the fullest extent
possible.
II.
SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS
A.
Situation
1.
Several serious animal disease outbreaks have occurred outside the
United States recently. Foot and Mouth Disease in Taiwan’s swine
population in 1997 resulted in the slaughter of more than five million
hogs. The recent Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera) epidemic in the
Netherlands resulted in the slaughter of more than 10 million hogs.
Ongoing problems with Classical swine fever in Haiti and the Dominican
Republic continue to be a threat to the U.S. swine industry. The
occurrence of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain has
resulted in a large number of beef and dairy cattle destroyed and
diseased cattle continue to be identified. The importation of animal
products from foreign countries, the ease of travel throughout the world,
the lifting of restrictions on animal health movement as a result of Free
Trade Agreements, the presence of international ports and an
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international border, and the minor outbreak of a foreign plant disease
within the state of Arizona within the past 18 months underscore
Arizona’s vulnerability to an outbreak of a foreign animal disease.
2.
Even though concerns about animal diseases are increasing, the public
gives it relatively low priority. Protecting animal agriculture in the United
States requires cooperation, participation and partnership. While the
USDA has assumed leadership in combating the foreign animal disease
problem, they do not have the resources nor the desire to assume these
responsibilities alone. Consideration must be given to the fact that an
outbreak of foreign animal disease within the state of Arizona could be
devastating to the economy and the health of the state as well as the
entire country. The state/local response is the first line of defense in an
animal health disaster, the quality of which likely will determine the final
economic impact to the state and national industry, and public as a
whole.
3.
The Office International des Epizooties (OIE) provides worldwide
disease reporting services to 147 Member Countries, including the
United States, on the occurrence of certain animal diseases, and
establishes guidelines for trade in animals and animal products. The
OIE has published, in the International Animal Health Code (ISBN 929044-485-1), the following list of diseases of concern:
OIE LIST A DISEASES: Defined as transmissible diseases which have
the potential for very serious and rapid spread, irrespective of national
borders; may have serious socioeconomic or public health consequence;
are of major importance in the international trade of animals and animal
products. All list A diseases are foreign to the United States except for
Vesicular Stomatitis and Bluetongue.
African horse sickness
African swine fever
Bluetongue
Classical swine fever (Hog Cholera)
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Foot and Mouth Disease
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (Fowl Plague)
Lumpy skin disease
Newcastle disease
Peste des petits ruminants
Rift Valley fever
Rinderpest
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Sheep pox and goat pox
Swine vesicular disease
Vesicular stomatitis
OIE LIST B DISEASES: Transmissible diseases which are considered
to be of socioeconomic and/or public health importance within countries
and which are significant in the international trade of animals and animal
products. OIE member countries normally submit reports once a year.
More frequent reporting may be necessary, in some cases, to comply
with Section 1.2 of the International Animal Health Code. Some
diseases listed on OIE List B are foreign to the United States.
Multiple Species Diseases include Anthrax, Aujeszky’s disease
(Pseudorabies), Echinococcosis/hydatidosis, Heartwater, Leptospirosis,
Q fever, Rabies, Paratuberculosis, and Screwworm.
Cattle Diseases include Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Brucellosis, Genital
Campylobacteriosis, Tuberculosis, Cysticercosis, Dermatophilosis,
Enzootic bovine leukosis, Hemorrhagic septicaemia, Infectious bovine
rhinotracheitis, Pustular vulvovaginitis, Theileriosis, Trichomoniasis,
Trypanosomiasis, Malignant catarrhal fever, and Bovine spongiform
encephalopathy.
Sheep and Goat diseases include Ovine epididymitis (Brucella ovis),
Caprine and Ovine brucellosis (excluding B. ovis), Caprine
arthritis/encephalitis, Contagious agalactia, Contagious caprine
pleuropneumonia, Enzootic abortion of ewes (Ovine chlamydiosis),
Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis, Nairobi sheep disease, Salmonellosis
(S. abortus ovis), Scrapie, and Maedi-visna.
Horse Diseases include Contagious equine metritis, Dourine, Epizootic
lymphangitis, Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern and Western), Equine
infectious anemia, Equine influenza, Equine piroplasmosis, Equine
rhinopneumonitis, Glanders, Horse pox, Equine viral arteritis, Japanese
encephalitis, Horse mange, Surra, and Venezuelan equine
encephalomyelitis.
Swine Diseases include Atrophic rhinitis of swine, Porcine cysticercosis,
Porcine brucellosis, Transmissible gastroenteritis, Trichinellosis,
Enterovirus encephalomyelitis, and Porcine reproductive and respiratory
syndrome.
Avian Diseases include Avian infectious bronchitis, Avian infectious
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laryngotracheitis, Avian tuberculosis, Duck virus hepatitis, Duck virus
enteritis, Fowl cholera, Fowl pox, Fowl typhoid, Infectious bursal
disease, Marek’s disease, Avian mycoplasmosis, Avian chlamydiosis,
and Pullorum disease.
B.
Assumptions
1.
Local livestock producers, dairymen, feedlot operators, chicken farmers,
horsemen, and hog producers likely will be the first to notice an unusual
condition/disease in their animals. The concerned producer should
make contact with one of four entities:
• A private accredited veterinarian.
• The State Veterinarian and/or the local Arizona Department of
Agriculture livestock officer/inspector (ADA-LSO/LSI).
• The Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (AzVDL) located at the
University of Arizona.
• The USDA, APHIS, VS Area Veterinarian-In-Charge (USDA-AVIC).
If the disease situation is unexpected with high death loss, or if the
symptoms are unusual, and especially if a foreign animal disease is
suspected, a private accredited veterinarian must report his or her
findings to the State Veterinarian or USDA-AVIC. In addition, Arizona
Administrative Code (A.A.C.) R3-2-402 requires veterinarians to report
to the State Veterinarian, any suspected or diagnosed diseases listed in
that rule, including those classified as foreign animal diseases.
The local ADA-LSO/LSI, if contacted by a producer experiencing a
sudden unusual disease occurrence, has the expertise, not to diagnose,
but rather to gather information and make an initial assessment. He or
she will then contact the State Veterinarian.
AzVDL, if contacted by the private accredited veterinarian or directly by
the producer, will in turn contact the State Veterinarian and/or the USDAAVIC regarding the unusual disease occurrence. In addition, A.A.C. R 32-402 also requires all laboratories to report to the State Veterinarian,
any suspected or diagnosed diseases listed in that rule, including those
classified as foreign animal diseases.
2.
When contacted by the ADA-LSO/LSI, producer, AzVDL, or in some
cases a private laboratory, the State Veterinarian, or the USDA-AVIC,
will contact the other person by telephone to determine what are
necessary to further characterize the disease occurrence. This may
include the dispatching of a Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician
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(FADD) to the location, and requesting assistance from the USDA
Regional Emergency Animal Disease Eradication Organization (USDAREADEO) Early Response Team (USDA-ERT).
If the FADD determines that the differential diagnosis includes a foreign
animal disease, the USDA-AVIC will notify USDA-Emergency Programs
and other appropriate federal government officials. The FADD will
obtain a Foreign Animal Disease Investigation case number from the
USDA-AVIC. In addition, the USDA-AVIC and State Veterinarian,
depending on the likelihood of a foreign animal disease, will take steps,
in concert with ADA-LSOs/LSIs, to isolate the disease to as small an
area as possible. This may necessitate the involvement of local, county,
and state law enforcement agencies to assist in isolating the area.
III.
3.
If the suspected disease has potential wildlife impacts, the State
Veterinarian will contact the Arizona Game and Fish Department
(AzG&F). AzG&F, in cooperation with ADA, will determine the
appropriate response to protect wildlife or conduct surveillance activities
in wildlife to determine their disease status.
4.
Suspected foreign animal diseases in or potentially affecting wildlife or
fish will be reported to the AzG&F, who in turn will report this information
to the State Veterinarian. If the disease has potential livestock impacts,
AzG&F will determine the appropriate response in cooperation with the
ADA.
5.
If the suspected disease has potential public health impacts, the State
Veterinarian will contact the Arizona Department of Health Services
(AzDHS). The AzDHS, in cooperation with ADA, will determine the
appropriate response to protect human health and welfare.
CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A.
Upon notification by the State Veterinarian that an outbreak of foreign animal
disease is suspected, the Director-ADA will activate the Primary State Core
Decision Group, which consists of the following representatives:
1.
Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADA)
a.
Director
b.
Associate Director, Animal Services Division
c.
State Veterinarian, Animal Services Division
d.
Chief Livestock Officer, Animal Services Division
e.
General Counsel-Attorney General’s Office
f.
Public Information Officer
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2.
USDA-AVIC
3.
Director, Arizona Division of Emergency Management
4.
Industry representative(s) (depending on animal species involved)
5.
Director, Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
The Director-ADA, on the advice of the State Veterinarian, may activate any
and all of the Secondary State Core Decision Group which may consist of the
following representatives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
The Primary State Core Decision Group and possibly some or all of the
members of the Secondary State Core Decision Group will make the
determination as to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
IV.
Director, Arizona Game and Fish Department
Adjutant General, Arizona National Guard
Director, Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
Director, Arizona Department of Health Services
Director, Arizona Department of Public Safety
Procedures to isolate the affected area.
Which Emergency Support Function(s) (ESF) of the State Emergency
Response and Recovery Plan (SERRP) will be activated.
When to request activation of a USDA-READEO.
When to activate the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC)
located at the Papago Park Military Reservation.
The procedures utilized to combat the outbreak once it is identified as a
foreign animal disease.
When the SEOC is activated, all members of the Primary and Supporting
Government Agencies, and if possible, Supporting Private Organizations of this
Appendix, and the Primary and Supporting Government Agencies from any
other activated ESFs will establish and maintain a presence in the SEOC.
ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A.
Primary Agency
1.
Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADA)
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B.
a.
ADA is identified as the primary government agency for this
Appendix. As such, ADA will function as the primary decisionmaker for the Primary and Secondary State Core Decision
Groups, and co-decision maker with USDA for the USDA-ERT, if
activated, and function as the lead state agency when the USDA
emergency management system is activated.
b.
ADA will function as the liaison between the local identifying
person(s), the State of Arizona, and the federal government.
c.
ADA will issue quarantines, and oversee the implementation and
enforcement of restricted or quarantined areas determined
necessary by the Primary State Core Decision Group, with the
assistance of the other state and federal supporting agencies.
Because time is of the essence in an animal health emergency,
quarantines may initially be issued verbally but will be
documented in writing by letter or administrative order as soon as
practical.
d.
ADA will determine the extent to which ADA personnel will
respond to an animal health emergency. Duties in support of this
Appendix will take priority over all other duties of the Department.
Support Agencies:
1.
State Agencies:
a.
b.
Attorney General’s Office (AG)
(1)
AG will provide representation to the Primary State Core
Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
AG will provide legal assistance, including preparing
administrative orders, as required, to accomplish the overall
mission of dealing with a foreign animal disease within or
adjacent to the boundaries of the State of Arizona, including
lands owned by Tribal Governments.
(3)
AG will function as the liaison between the ADA and legal
counsel representing federal and Tribal Government.
Arizona Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arizona
(AzVDL)
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c.
(1)
AzVDL will provide representation to the Primary State Core
Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
AzVDL will participate in the operation of a USDA-ERT, if
activated.
(3)
AzVDL will report suspected foreign animal disease to the
State Veterinarian.
(4)
AzVDL may, in some cases, provide initial tentative
diagnosis of a foreign animal disease from samples
provided by either local producers or local veterinarians and
forward the samples to the appropriate USDA laboratory.
(5)
AzVDL will assist ADA, when requested, with the collection
and submission of appropriate samples for definitive
diagnosis of suspected foreign animal disease.
(6)
AzVDL will assist ADA and other state agencies in their
efforts to combat the foreign animal disease.
(7)
AzVDL will coordinate with the USDA National Veterinary
Services Laboratory and the USDA Foreign Animal Disease
Diagnostic Laboratory during the initial investigative phase,
as well as during the management phase of an outbreak.
Arizona Division of Emergency Management (ADEM):
(1)
ADEM will provide representation to the Primary State Core
Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
ADEM will assist ADA in obtaining a Governor’s Declaration
of a State of Emergency, or in the Governor’s absence, a
Declaration from the State Emergency Council.
(3)
ADEM will assist ADA in obtaining assistance from the
National Guard.
(4)
ADEM will activate the SEOC when determined necessary
by the Primary State Core Decision Group.
(5)
ADEM, through the SEOC, will provide liaison to other state,
county, and local government agencies.
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d.
(6)
ADEM will establish procedures for documenting expenses.
(7)
ADEM, through activation of the SERRP, will provide
access to the State Emergency Council, and federal
agencies, other than the USDA, as required.
Arizona National Guard (AZNG):
(1)
AZNG will provide representation to the Secondary State
Core Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
AZNG will activate appropriate members of the AZNG as
directed by the Governor of Arizona. The following types of
Guard members may be required:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(3)
(4)
Military Police
Heavy Equipment Operators
Truck Drivers
Helicopter Crews
Administrative personnel
Communications experts
AZNG will assist local and county law enforcement, DPS,
and ADA personnel in the staffing of roadblocks and
security at quarantine sites.
AZNG will assist ADA in the preparation of burial sites for
dead animals or those to be humanely destroyed, and to
assist local law enforcement, DPS, and ADA personnel with
security at burial sites.
(5)
AZNG will assist ADA and other responding agencies with
the transportation of equipment, response personnel, and
affected animals.
(6)
AZNG will assist ADA with the cleaning and disinfection of
vehicles, equipment, and facilities.
(7)
AZNG will assist with mobile communications systems in
support of the plan.
(8)
AZNG will assist in other missions that may be deemed
essential by the Primary State Core Decision Group and
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approved by the Governor.
e.
f.
Department of Public Safety (DPS):
(1)
DPS will provide representation to the Secondary State
Core Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
DPS will provide roadblocks on state and federal highways
in restricted or quarantined areas delineated by the State
Primary Core Decision Group and/or the USDA.
(3)
DPS will assist local and county law enforcement, ADA and
AZNG personnel in restriction of entry into the restricted or
quarantined area.
(4)
DPS will perform other functions as requested by the
Primary State Core Decision Group or, if activated, the
SEOC.
Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ):
(1)
ADEQ will provide representation to the Secondary State
Core Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
ADEQ will provide recommendations to the Primary State
Core Decision Group as to the most appropriate method(s)
for disposal of dead, destroyed, and affected animals. If
burning is utilized, ADEQ will determine what fuels and
procedures should be utilized to minimize the environmental
impact. If burial is determined to be the method of disposal,
ADEQ will determine if the materials should be buried on
site or transported to an offsite location. If the materials are
transported to an offsite location, ADEQ will identify the
offsite location and make recommendations, in conjunction
with the Arizona Department of Transportation, regarding
specific transportation requirements.
(3)
ADEQ will assist the AZNG in assessing the safety of
disinfectants used for cleaning and disinfection of vehicles,
equipment, and facilities.
(4)
ADEQ will provide personnel at the site of each destruction
and disposal area. ADEQ personnel will be qualified to
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make environmental assessments.
g.
h.
Department of Health Services (ADHS):
(1)
ADHS will provide representation to the Secondary State
Core Decision Group when requested by ADA.
(2)
ADHS will immediately, upon being informed that a
suspected foreign animal disease has been detected within
the State of Arizona, determine the public health risk and
impact, if any.
(3)
ADHS will notify the U.S. Centers for Disease Control that
an outbreak of a foreign animal disease has occurred within
the boundaries of the State of Arizona. ADHS will then
inform them of the nature of the disease, its primary animal
host, and if it is considered to be a health hazard to humans.
(4)
ADHS will assess the public health risk associated with
burial or burning of dead and affected animals, and provide
this information to the Primary State Core Decision Group.
Game and Fish Department (AzG&F):
(1)
AzG&F will coordinate with ADA and participate in the
Secondary State Core Decision Group as requested by
ADA, and as a responding agency if required. AzG&F will
provide advice on risks to wildlife and methods to mitigate
these risks.
(2)
AzG&F will support the law enforcement aspect of the
restricted or quarantine area, if applicable.
(3)
If the foreign animal disease is one that has a history of
affecting wild animals, AzG&F will initiate a surveillance
program in the immediate vicinity of the outbreak and
determine if the disease has spread to wildlife. In addition,
AzG&F will initiate steps to prevent the spread of the
disease to susceptible wildlife.
(4)
In the event that a foreign animal disease is first detected
among wildlife or fish, AzG&F will immediately notify the
ADA who will activate the Primary State Core Decision
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Group, and appropriate Secondary State Core Decision
Group members as deemed appropriate.
2.
Federal Agencies:
USDA, APHIS, VS Emergency Programs will assume a primary role for
responding to a foreign animal disease emergency within a few days of
diagnosis. Initial response of the USDA will be through the USDAREADEO for the Western Region. This Appendix provides for response
actions prior to the full involvement of USDA, and also provides a
framework for supporting the USDA once they are fully engaged through
their emergency response structure. USDA will use the State
Veterinarian as the primary contact point for ADA. The State
Veterinarian will serve as the ADA representative in the USDA response
system.
3.
Private Organizations:
Private organizations have a great deal of interest in a response plan of
this type since their livelihood may depend upon the outcome. In most
cases a private entity, such as a local veterinarian, will be the first on
scene and must make immediate decisions. A local veterinarian
accredited by the USDA, APHIS, VS and the State Veterinarian has the
authority to verbally restrict movement of animals suspected of being
affected with a foreign animal disease. The local veterinarian is then
required to immediately notify the State Veterinarian who, with the
assistance of the USDA-AVIC, determine the next appropriate action(s)
to confirm or rule-out the presence of a foreign animal disease, and to
restrict animal and, if necessary, people movement in and through the
affected area.
Private enterprises such producers, auction markets, slaughtering
establishments, and renderers will be notified by the ADA when an
animal disease emergency exists. They will be encouraged to actively
participate in an emergency response.
V.
DIRECTION AND CONTROL
A.
The primary point of contact for activation of this Appendix is the State
Veterinarian. The State Veterinarian will notify the members of the Primary
State Core Decision Group and, if necessary, members of the Secondary State
Core Decision Group after consultation with the Director-ADA and request
convening of the members. If the situation is such that the state must get
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involved immediately, the Director-ADEM will request a proclamation by the
Governor of a State of Emergency. This proclamation will make available the
Governor=s Emergency Fund and will activate all or a portion of the Arizona
National Guard.
VI.
VII.
B.
When the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture declares an emergency or
extraordinary emergency, the USDA-READEO can be fully activated with
funding made available from the Commodity Credit Corporation for indemnity.
C.
If and when the outbreak exceeds state and local capabilities and resources,
the Governor, after consultation with the Emergency Council, may request a
Presidential Declaration of either an Emergency or a Major Disaster.
D.
Local veterinarians, the AzVMA, animal control agencies, and the Humane
Society will participate in an emergency operation on a voluntary basis.
ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS
A.
The ADA and the State Veterinarian, along with a number of other state
agencies, will serve as members of the SEOC Staff.
B.
Reimbursement of expenses will be in accordance with guidelines established
in the Arizona Revised Statutes and the Arizona Administrative Code.
C.
All participating local, county, and state agencies will be responsible for
maintaining a log of events and expenses in accordance with procedures
established by the agency and approved by ADEM. This log and a record of
expenses will be made available to ADEM upon termination of the emergency.
Each organization will also maintain a Daily Situation Report (SITREP) which
will be forwarded by facsimile to the Planning Section of the SEOC, if
activated, or the State Veterinarian, on a daily basis NLT 1700 hours. The
period of the report shall be from 12 noon of one day to 12 noon of the next
day.
PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
ADA in coordination with ADEM is responsible for the development and maintenance
of this Appendix. Other members of the Primary and Secondary State Core Decision
Group will review this Appendix on an annual basis or as necessary following the
activation of this Appendix. Any changes recommended by the Primary or Secondary
State Core Decision Group will be forwarded to either the State Veterinarian or
ADEM.
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