Download Body Defenses

Body Defenses
By: Mr. Hunter
Pinworms
Ebola
Ebola
1. Is ebola infectious or noninfectious?
2. What kind of pathogen causes the
disease?
3. What is the vector of ebola?
4. How is the pathogen transmitted?
Diseases
List as many diseases as you can think of.
For each disease…
 1. Is the disease infectious or noninfectious?
 2. What kind of pathogen causes the disease?
 3. What is the vector of the disease (if any)?
 4. How is the pathogen transmitted?
Pathogens can be living or non-living.
Living
bacteria, protists, fungi, worms
Non-living
viruses, viroids, prions
Examples
Bacterial infections: bubonic plague,
cholera, dental caries, Lyme disease,
pneumonia, typhoid fever
Viral Infections: colds, influenza,
chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps,
smallpox, hepatitis, polio, AIDS
Pathogens
Protists: malaria, Chagas disease,
toxoplasmosis, giardiasis
Fungi: ringworm, athlete’s foot, vaginal
yeast infections, jock itch, histoplasmosis
Destroying Pathogens
Pasteurization
Vaccines
Antibiotics/antimicrobials
Natural immunity
Bread/Cereal
 The USDA allows for
a small, legal, nontoxic amount of rat
hairs and rat fecal
material in breads
and cereals. Thank
goodness for our
immune systems!
Make a list of the ways that pathogens
may enter the body…
Pathogens must overcome your first
lines of defense!
Eyes
Mouth
Skin
Nose
How does each serve as a line of
defense?
Eyes - Enzymes
Mouth- Enzymes
Skin- Dead cells/oil
Nose- mucus -> stomach
What happens if pathogens make it
through the first lines of defense?
Blood flow to injured areas increases.
Platelets help to seal the wound.
The immune system responds.
Immune System: the cells and tissues
that recognize and attack foreign
substances in the body
Immune System
Cell Type
Macrophages
Drawing
Description
Make
antibodies
T-cells
Antigens
Design a skit that demonstrates the
immune response!
Virus
Macrophage
B Cells
T Cells
Points to Ponder….
1. What causes you to get a fever
whenever you are sick?
2. Do you think your immune system
responds to a pathogen faster on the
second contact with that pathogen? Why?
How?
3. Describe allergies, autoimmune
diseases, AIDS, cancer.
HIV/AIDS
1. Does HIV only affect homosexual
people?
2. Approximately how many people are
infected with HIV world wide?
3. How can you tell if somebody has HIV
or AIDS?
4. Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup
of an infected person?
5. What type of pathogen is HIV?
HIV/AIDS
6. Can insects transmit HIV?
7. Is there a cure for AIDS?
8. Approximately what percentage of those
infected with HIV are women?
9. Worldwide, what is the age range most
infected with HIV?
10. Is it possible to prevent a women
infected with HIV from having an infected
baby?
HIV/AIDS
 1. no
 2. 45 million
 3. You can’t because it can be asymptomatic.
 4. no
 5. virus
 6. no
 7. no
 8. 50%
 9. 15-24
 10. yes, with medicine
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Primary/Acute HIV
Cold/flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, rash
days/weeks after initial infection
This period can also be asymptomatic.
Body manufactures antibodies which are
what HIV tests measure.
HIV-> AIDS
Generally, it takes 8-10 years for HIV to
develop into AIDS.
AIDS does not kill an individual, but
opportunistic infections do!
Opportunistic Infections
How is HIV transmitted?
 HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected
person, by sharing needles and/or syringes
(primarily for drug injection) with someone who
is infected, or, less commonly (and now very
rarely in countries where blood is screened for
HIV antibodies), through transfusions of infected
blood or blood clotting factors. Babies born to
HIV-infected women may become infected
before or during birth or through breast-feeding
after birth.
What do you think?
1. What someone does as a young adult
has little impact on their chances of getting
cancer later in life.
2. There is currently a cure for cancer, but
the medical industry won’t tell the public
about it because it is too expensive.
3. Electronic devices, like cell phones, can
cause can cancer.
What do you think?
4. Some injuries can cause cancer later in
life.
5. Living in a polluted city is a greater risk
for lung cancer than smoking a pack of
cigarettes a day.
6. Treating cancer with surgery causes it
to spread throughout the body.
7. Household bug spray causes cancer.
What do you think?
8. You can prevent skin cancer by putting
on one application of sunscreen at the
start of the day.
9. Regularly eating meat cooked on a
charcoal grill won’t increase your risk of
cancer.
10. The risk of dying from cancer in the
United States is increasing.