Download Chapter 10 (Lymph Fluid).

King Saud University
College of Science
Department of Biochemistry
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Chapter 10
Lymph Fluid
Professor A. S. Alhomida
1
Lymphatic System
1. Lymph
2. Lymphatic Vessels
3. Several structure and organs that contain
lymphatic tissue
4. Red Bone Marrow
2
Lymphatic System, Cont’d
3
Lymphatic System Functions
1. Acts as a one-way drainage system to
transport excess fluid from body tissues
into the blood system
2. Contains cells which fight infection
(lymphocytes)
3. Gets rid of waste products (chemicals)
produced by cells
4
Lymphatic System Functions,
Cont’d
4. Transporting dietary lipids
5. Facilitating immune responses
•
Nonspecific Resistance to disease
•
•
Includes defense mechanisms that provide immediate, but
general, protection against pathogens
Immunity
•
Develops more slowly and involves the activation of
lymphocytes that combat specific pathogens
5
Lymph Fluid
1.
The lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes contain a milky
liquid called lymph fluid
2.
Lymph fluid is formed when some of the colorless liquid that
surrounds all body tissues drains from the tissues into small
lymph vessels, which lie between the cells
3.
Capillary walls leak fluid and some blood proteins, which
return to the blood via the lymphatic system
6
Lymph Fluid, Cont’d
4.
5.
6.
This is the 1% of fluid that does not re-enter the capillaries
The fluid, lymph, is similar in composition to interstitial fluid
The lymph enters the system by diffusing into lymph
capillaries
7.
Lymph vessels have valves that prevent back flow and
depend mainly on movement of skeletal muscles to
squeeze fluid along
7
Lymph Fluid, Cont’d
8.
9.
Lymph nodes filter the lymph and attack viruses and
bacteria. This defense is carried out by specialized white
blood cells that inhabit the lymph nodes
Lymph capillaries penetrate small intestine villi and absorb
fats, thus transposing them from the digestive system to the
circulatory system
8
Lymph Fluid, Cont’d
9
Lymph Vessels
1. The small lymph vessels join together to form
larger lymph vessels, which pass through a
number of lymph nodes
2. In the lymph nodes, bacteria and harmful
substances are broken down
3. The lymph fluid then travels through larger
lymph ducts and drains into the bloodstream
10
Lymph nodes
1. Lymph nodes are found throughout the body, but
mainly in the neck, armpit and groin
2. They are made of lymphoid tissue
3. This tissue contains special cells that can help to
fight infection and other diseases such as cancer
4. Lymph nodes vary in size, number, location
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Lymph node Functions
1. As lymph fluid flows through the lymph nodes, the
nodes collect and filter out anything the body does
not need or that could harm the body
2. This includes bacteria, viruses, other infectious
organisms, damaged cells or cancer cells
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Lymph node Functions, Cont’d
3. Inside the lymph nodes, white blood cells
(lymphocytes) attack and break down bacteria or
other harmful cells
4. Waste products and the destroyed bacteria are
then carried in the lymph fluid into the bloodstream
and are got rid of with other body waste
13
Blood Capillaries (blood)
Interstitial Spaces (interstitial fluid)
Lymphatic Capillaries (lymph)
Lymphatic Vessels (lymph)
14
Lymphatic Trunks (lymph)
Lymphatic Ducts (lymph)
Subclavian Veins (blood)
Contraction of skeletal muscles and
breathing help the flow of lymph
15
Probable Approximate Protein
Content of Lymph in Humans
Lymph From
Protein Content (g/dL)
Choroid plexus
Ciliary body
Skeletal muscle
0
0
2.0
Skin
Lung
Gastrointestinal tract
2.0
4.0
4.1
Heart
Liver
4.4
602
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THE END
Any questions?
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