Download Chapter 3 Safety Practices

Chapter 3
Safety and Infection
Control Practices
Health Care
Science
Technology
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Body Mechanics 3-3
Principles of Body Mechanics
 Body Mechanics Failure
 Key Components of Body Mechanics
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Chapter 3
Principles of Body Mechanics
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Body alignment
depends on the
correct positioning
of the head, back,
and limbs.
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Chapter 3
Body Mechanics Failure
Causes back problems
including acute
strains, sprains, disc
strain and bulge, disc
herniation, and
fatigue.
 Prevention is the best
cure for back pain.
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WEAR A BACK
SUPPORT!
Chapter 3
Key Components of Body
Mechanics
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Keep feet a shoulder-width apart.
Always use 2 hands to move someone or
something.
Face the direction in which you intend to move.
Never twist.
Avoid unnecessary reaching.
Keep your chin up and look straight ahead.
Keep your shoulders back.
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Chapter 3
Key Components of Body
Mechanics (cont.)
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Bend at the hips and knees.
Keep your back straight.
Keep the object you are lifting
close to your body.
Exhale when you are lifting or
exerting force.
Tighten your abdominal
muscles.
Lift with your legs, not your
back.
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Chapter 3
Key Components of Body
Mechanics (cont.)
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Push, pull, or slide instead of lifting.
Pushing is the best technique for moving
something large.
Use the weight of your body to help you
push or pull.
Always ask for help whenever needed.
Tell the client what you are going to do
and ask for the client’s help.
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Chapter 3
Section 3-3
Apply Your Knowledge
What is the most common cause
of back pain?
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Answer:
Failure to use proper body mechanics
which causes:
•Acute strains and sprains
•Disc strains and bulge
•Disc herniation
•Fatigue
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Chapter 3
Principles of Infection 3-5
Chain of Infection
 Signs and Symptoms of Infection
 Nosocomial Infections
 Asepsis
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Chapter 3
Chain of Infection
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Chain of infection
contains 6
elements. If broken,
infection will not
occur.
Infectious
Agent
Susceptible
Host
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Portal of Entry
Mode of
Transmission
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Chapter 3
Chain of Infection (cont.)
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Infectious Agent. Microorganisms that
normally reside on the skin.
Reservoir. Residence of microorganisms.
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Fomites are nonliving materials that house
microorganisms.
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Chapter 3
Chain of Infection (cont.)
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Portal of Exit.
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Mode of Transmission.
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Respiratory tract.
Skin.
Blood.
Gastrointestinal tract.
Mucous membrane.
How a pathogen is transmitted.
Can be through direct contact or airborne droplet.
Hand washing is one of the most effective means
of preventing the spread of pathogens.
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Chapter 3
Chain of Infection (cont.)
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Portal of Entry.
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Susceptible Host.
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Respiratory tract, mucous membranes, and
gastrointestinal tract are common.
Damaged skin.
One that is capable of being infected.
Microorganisms must be present in large
enough quantity to be virulent.
The host must be susceptible.
Individuals with an immunity to certain
pathogens will not be susceptible.
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Chapter 3
Signs and Symptoms of Infection
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Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
Warmth
Drainage
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Chapter 3
Nosocomial Infections
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Infections acquired at the health care
facility.
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Chapter 3
Asepsis
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Medical asepsis
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Surgical asepsis
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Called “clean technique.”
Includes hand washing, personal
protective barriers, and routine cleaning
of the environment.
Called “sterile technique.”
Only sterile objects can come in contact
with sterile objects. Otherwise, they
must be considered contaminated.
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Chapter 3
Section 3-5
Apply Your Knowledge
List 5 signs of an infection.
Answers:
• Redness
• Swelling
• Tenderness
• Warmth
• Drainage
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Chapter 3
Standard and Transmission-Based
Precautions 3-6
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Standard Precautions
Transmission-Based Precautions
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Chapter 3
Standard Precautions
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All blood and body fluids are considered
contaminated.
Guidelines established by OSHA.
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Hand washing is vital.
Personal protective equipment is necessary.
Equipment and procedures depend upon
the disease and how it is spread.
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Chapter 3
Transmission-Based Precautions
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Prevent spread of highly infectious
diseases.
Three types of precautions:
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Airborne. Used for diseases such as
tuberculosis, which is spread by airborne
droplets.
Droplet. Used for diseases such as whooping
cough, which is spread by a cough or sneeze.
Contact. Used for skin and wound infections,
which are transmitted by direct or indirect
contact.
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Chapter 3
Section 3-6
Apply Your Knowledge

Name 3 types of transmission-based
precautions.
Answer:
• Airborne
• Droplet
• Contact
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Chapter 3
Procedures in Student Text
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3A
Using a Fire Extinguisher
3B
Practicing Proper Body Mechanics
3C
Operating a Microscope
3D
Hand Washing
3E
Donning and Removing Personal
Protective Equipment
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Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Credits
Slide 8
Slide 15
Slide 30
Slide 31
Slide 33
Slide 43
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Lou Bopp Photography
David Young-Wolff/Photo Edit
Aaron Haupt
Lou Bopp Photography
Aaron Haupt
Dr. P. Marazzi/SPL/Photo Researchers
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Chapter 3