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Sexually Transmitted Infections Myths about STI’s 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Most people with an STI experience painful symptoms. Birth control pills prevent the spread of STIs. Douching will cure and STI. Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs. If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can’t get it again. A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices scores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. 7. Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs What is an STI? • STIs are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: ▫ sexual intercourse ▫ oral-genital contact or in non-sexual ways. ▫ IV drug How Do I Know if I am Infected??? What are the symptoms? How would I know if I have been infected? • Sores (either painful or painless) • Blood in urine • Burning sensation when urinating • Rashes • Itching • Bumps • Warts • Unusual discharge SYPHILIS Four Stages: Stage One •Primary Stage-incubation period with •-in 3-4 wks. painless sore “chancre” will disappear without treatment •-highly contagious no symptoms appear & 2. Secondary Stage -after 6 wks, skin rash appears & disappears without treatment -highly contagious 3. Latent Stage -no signs or symptoms -not infectious unless pregnant -can cause miscarriage, stillbirth or physical deformities 4. Late Stage -from 5 to 15 yrs after being infected -irreversible damage to heart & brain; possible death -not infectious unless pregnant DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT -diagnosed with a blood test -treated with antibiotics Chancre on the penis Chancres in the labia area Chancre on the lip Secondary stage skin rash Syphilis in the late stages Close to death GONORRHEA •Each year approximately 650,000 people in the United States are infected with gonorrhea •People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and vaginal). •Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth. •Gonorrhea infection can spread to other unlikely parts of the body Symptoms: -Male - 2 to 8 days after contact, discharge from penis or burning sensation -Female - discharge/burning OR no symptoms Complications: -untreated can lead to sterility, arthritis or blindness in infants Diagnosis & Treatment: -lab smears of discharge to diagnose -treated with antibiotics Discharge from penis Discharge from the vagina GENITAL HERPES Symptoms: -painless sores which usually appear in groups and are moist and grayish with red edges Complications: -no cure -virus remains in body even when sores are not present; infectious when sores are present -causes brain damage & possible death to newborns Herpes sores on the penis Herpes sores on the vaginal area Herpes around the mouth GENITAL WARTS/HPV Human Papillomavirus Symptoms: -small, painless growths around genitals caused by a virus Treatment: -no cure -removed by surgery or chemicals but virus is still in the body; warts will grow back -increases chance of cervical cancer for women Warts on the penis Warts on the labia area CHLAMYDIA Four million new cases occur each year SYMPTOMS: fever, weight loss for no reason, swollen glands, fatigue, diarrhea, white spots on the mouth. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Vaginal discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination Lower abdominal pain Bleeding between menstrual periods. Low-grade fever (later symptom) MALE SYMPTOMS: Discharge from the penis and/or burning when urinating Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Pain and swelling in the testicles Low –grade fever (associated with epididymitis – inflammation of the testicles) Diagnosis & Treatment -hard to diagnose; must ask Dr. to test for it -treated with antibiotics Discharge from cervical area CRABS (PUBIC LICE) & SCABIES Symptoms & Complications: -spread from sexual contact or infested bedding/clothing -itching in hair (crabs) or skin (scabies) Diagnosis and Treatment: -medicated shampoos (crabs) or medications (scabies) from doctor -must also treated infested bedding and clothes Crabs or pubic lice will lay eggs and multiply Crabs in pubic hair area Scabie mite burrows under skin Scabie lesions on penis Candidiasis • Yeast fungus that may or may not be transmitted by sexual intercourse. • Caused by high doses of antibiotics. It is usually caused by altering the Ph of the vagina. SYMPTOMS: A thick cheesy vaginal discharge Severe itching Trichomoniasis • An estimated 5 million new cases occur each year in women and men. • Occurs in vagina of women so may be sexually transmitted to men using infected washcloths and towels. • It is transmitted to the baby during delivery. • It also can occur in the urethra (carries urine to penis) in men, doesn’t have symptoms usually. SYMPTOMS: Appear within 5 to 28 days of exposure Women usually have a vaginal discharge that FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Itching and burning at the outside of the opening of the vagina and vulva. Painful and frequent urination Heavy, unpleasant smelling greenish, yellow discharge MALE SYMPTOMS: Usually nothing, or discomfort in urethra, inflamed head of the penis. Nongonococcal Urethritis/NGU • An inflammation or infection of the urethra (the tube that carries the urine from the bladder) • It is passed from person to person during intimate physical contact. FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Pain Itching or burning around the vagina Any discharge may be a sign of NGU. (because the disease is internal, women sometimes do not show any obvious symptoms.) MALE SYMPTOMS: Discharge from the penis (this may be thin and watery or thick and white) Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Sometimes the signs appear only in the morning, then go away and come back. About 10% of men show no symptoms HIV/AIDS There are two main ways you get AIDS: • Vaginal, oral, anal, etc. sex • Sharing drug needles and syringes • "H" is for Human, meaning that only humans get this virus. You can’t get infected from a pet or mosquito. • "I" is for Immunodeficiency, meaning that this virus causes your immune system to have some serious problems. It makes it easier for you to get sick and harder for you to get well. • "V" is for Virus, which refers to the specific type of germ that causes the disease. Unfortunately, viruses can't be killed because they aren't alive. You can't take medicine like an antibiotic to get rid of HIV. Viruses stay with you forever. AIDS Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • HIV is linked to immune system malfunction and ultimately results in the condition known as AIDS. • It is the result of a weakened immune system. AIDS is diagnosed when a person tests positive for HIV and also has one or more of the "opportunistic infections" of AIDS (there are 27) and/or has a laboratory marker test of 200 or less T-cells. AIDS Worldwide • Updated worldwide statistics at the end of 1997 revealed 16,000 new infections a day with over 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS. 1 in 100 adults in the 15-49 age group are infected with HIV; but only 1 in 10 infected persons are aware of their HIV status. • Symptoms develop within months or sometimes years after exposure. AIDS Symptoms • Possible flu-like symptoms following infection, but generally no symptoms during the early phase. A variety of later symptoms include fever, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, cough, dementia, and skin blotches. AIDS Complications • The compromised immune system becomes open to opportunistic infections, ultimately leading to death in most cases. • Treatment - Although there is no cure, many of the opportunistic diseases can be treated. New antiviral and combination therapies have also been shown to be remarkably effective in reducing the level of active virus in many individuals.