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BIOSECURITY FOR POULTRY DR. AUDREY MCELROY PROFESSOR AND EXTENSION SPECIALIST DEPARTMENT OF POULTRY SCIENCE 1 DISEASE PREVENTION There are basically 2 types of diseases that must be considered in poultry production: •diseases of detriment to bird health •diseases of potential human health concerns 2 CAUSES OF HEALTH ISSUES • Pathogens • bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa, fungi • Nutritional deficiencies • Chemical poisons • Overmedication • Poor management 3 BIOSECURITY What is “Biosecurity”? • Protecting your birds from disease • Preventing or controlling disease transmission by vectors What is a vector? • Something that may transmit a disease • Rodents, birds, insects, shoes, car tires, shared equipment, best friend, pet, feed, water, dust, air…. 4 BIOSECURITY • Preventative strategies to control disease causing organisms and their carriers (vectors). • Protection of poultry flocks from any type of infectious agent. • Control transmission of disease from flock to flock. Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective means of disease control available. 5 WHO SHOULD PRACTICE GOOD BIOSECURITY? Everyone! • Commercial producers • Small flock/backyard poultry owners • Hobbyists/breeders • Youth poultry project owners for livestock shows (4-H and FFA members) 6 WHY SHOULD I BE CONCERNED ABOUT BIOSECURITY? Because of what might happen: • Disease and high mortality in flocks • Infected flocks euthanized • Loss of income for producers • Higher prices of poultry meat and eggs • Quarantines and restricted movement/sale of birds • Cancellation of poultry shows 7 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BIOSECURITY • Flock Management • Traffic Control • Isolation • Cleaning/ Sanitation 8 BIOSECURITY MONITORING POINTS • Humans • Equipment • Environment • Animals • Contaminated eggs and chicks • Contaminated feed 9 ENVIRONMENTAL ROUTES OF DISEASE TRANSMISSION Environmental contaminants: • wind • water • dust • feathers • manure Drying and sunlight are very effective at killing many disease causing organisms. 10 GOOD BIOSECURITY PRACTICES • Keep pets, wild birds and animals and other livestock away from the flock • No trading or purchase of untested birds – quarantine new birds • Use dedicated footwear/clothing or disposable coveralls and boot covers when checking your birds • Hand washing before and after handling birds, manure, coops, eggs, etc. 11 ISOLATION MEASURES • Confine flocks to controlled environment • Screen houses to protect flock from wild birds • Avoid contact with migratory waterfowl and other birds • Restrict visitors • Do not share equipment, coops or leftover feed 12 REDUCE EXPOSURE RISKS • Control vector habitat and attractants • • • • birds rodents varmints insects • Make sure pen is animal and bird proof 13 MAINTAIN FLOCK HEALTH Minimize stressors to prevent increased susceptibility to disease • Fresh feed • Clean water • Clean, dry litter • Good ventilation • Provide an overall comfortable environment 14 CLEANING AND SANITATION Five steps to cleaning and disinfection (C&D) 1. Dry Clean (remove all organic matter) 2. Soap 3. Rinse 4. Dry 5. Disinfect 15 DISEASE/HEALTH CHECKS • Watch for symptoms such as: • Coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, ruffled feathers, loss of feathers, excessive picking, labored breathing and sudden drops in production and feed or water consumption • Eliminate unhealthy or nonproductive birds • Check birds periodically for lice, mites, and worms 16 FINDING HELP • Local Vet • Texas Animal Health Commission • 1-800-550-8242 • http://www.tahc.texas.gov • Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratories – Poultry Labs • Gonzales – (830) 672-2834 – Dr. Ficken • Center – (936) 598-4451 – Dr. Moore 17 RESOURCES USDA biosecurity program • http://healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov/ 18 RESOURCES posc.tamu.edu • Extension • Publications • Avian Influenza Information (subheading) • PDF materials • Links to websites http://posc.tamu.edu/texas-agrilife-poultryextension-specialists/publications 19