Download Adenovirus serotype 3 - Cal State LA

Adenovirus
William Cheng
Argelia Torres
Michelle Wittig
Overview of Presentation
• Review
– Classification, Morphology, Physical
Properties
• Presentation of Case Study
– Symptoms and Syndrome
– Sources and Transmission
– Tests, Prevention and Treatment
Classification
Family Adenoviridae
– Genus Aviadenovirus
• Infect birds only
– Genus Atadenovirus
• Broad range of species
– Genus Mastadenovirus
• Infect mammals only
– Genus Siadenovirus
• Infect frogs and turkeys
Morphology
• Linear DS DNA Virus
• No Envelope
• Iscosahedral
symmetry
• 252 capsomers, with
12 vertices.
– 12 Filaments
protrude from penton
bases
Physical Properties
• The thermal inactivation point is at 56°C
• Under in vitro conditions virions are stable
when stored at -20°C
• Stable in acid environment of pH 5-6
• Virions are not sensitive to treatment with
lipid solvents.
• All of the above allow for prolonged
survival outside of the host body
Endocytosis
• Adenovirus attachment mediated by
the fiber which binds a specific
receptors
• Virus migrates to clathrin coated pits
to form a receptosome and become
internalized
• Virus capsid proteins broken down in
the endosome (lower pH).
• Viral core and some capsid proteins
associate with microtubules in the
cytoplasm and allows the viral DNA
to enter the nucleus through nuclear
pores
• Nucleus is the site of mRNA
transcription and DNA replication
Case Study
• A 7-year-old boy attending summer camp
complains of sore throat, headache, cough, red
eyes, and tiredness and is sent to the infirmary.
His temperature is 40° C. Within hours other
campers and counselors visit the infirmary with
similar symptoms that last 5-7 days. All of he
patients have gone swimming in the camp pond.
More than 50% of the people in the camp
complain of symptoms similar to the original
case. The public health department identifies the
agent as adenovirus serotype 3.
Symptoms
Red eyes
Headache
Fever of 104F
Tiredness
Cough
Sore throat
Adenovirus Syndrome
• There are 49 distinct types of adenovirus. Serotype 3
and 7 are known for causing pharyngoconjunctival fever
from summer camps and swimming pools. Symptoms
include high fever lasting 4-5 days, pharyngitis (sore
throat), conjunctivitis (pink eye - inflamed, red eyes),
enlarged lymph nodes, headache, malaise and
weakness.
• Since in our case study the child acquired this illness
from the camp pond and has had the week long fever as
well as sore throat, red eyes, head ache, and tiredness.
All symptoms point to pharyngoconjunctival fever.
Likely Source of Infection
Camp Pond
The most likely source of infection was the camp pond. All of the patients
had gone swimming there and they all had similar symptoms as the boy
with the adenovirus type 3 infection.
Adenovirus infections such as pharyngoconjunctival fever are
characterized by febrile disease (fever) and conjunctivitis (red eye) like in
this case study and are normally associated with waterborne
transmission. These types of adenoviruses can be found in inadequately
chlorinated swimming pools and small lakes.
Likely Routes of Transmission
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In general can be transmitted:
routes: *direct contact
*fecal-oral transmission
*occasionally waterborne transmission
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In this case the three most likely
*water contact
*fomite
*person-to-person
Since most likely the pond water was contaminated the route of entry into the
host may have been through direct contact with the eyes (conjectiva),
nasopharynx, and mouth. In addition to direct contact with contaminated pond
water sharing of contaminated towels, contact with contaminated surfaces such
as doorknobs and faucet handles could help further spread the virus. Coughedout droplets from an infected person can also help spread the virus onto
surfaces and to others.
Prevention
• Normal hand washing and sanitary practices
• Chlorination of the water
– Drawback with chlorinating the pond comes from the
fact that soil-bottom reservoirs are usually very turbid.
The chlorine will react with organic molecules to form
trihalomethanes such as chloroform, which are
useless for virus protection. In addition, the virus can
attach itself to particles in the water and remain viable
in the water for long periods of time.
• Monitoring the microbiological quality of the
water
Samples
Pond water sample
Eye secretion sample
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Throat swab sample
Sputum sample
Lab Tests
Direct antigen detection by immunofluorescence
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Wikimedia.org
Lab Tests
Hemagglutination-inhibition assay
Positive
www.pentax.co.jp
www.pentax.co.jp
Treatment
• Most infections are mild and require only
treatment of observed symptoms.
• There is no virus-specific therapy, serious
adenovirus illness can be managed only
by treating complications of the infection.
• Deaths are rare but have been reported.
References
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CDC (1992, May 15). Outbreak of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever at a Summer Camp—North Carolina, 1991. MMWR: Weekly, 41(19),
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