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Chapter Eleven
Managing Infectious Disease
11-1
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Causes of Disease
11-2
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Viruses
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Bacteria
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Fungi
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Parasites invading the body
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
How Disease is Spread
11-3
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Direct contact and droplet spread
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Airborne transmission
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Fecal-Oral transmission
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Bloodborne transmission
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Symptoms of Disease
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11-4
Fever
Cough
Rash
Vomiting
Changes in child’s typical behavior
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Acute Infectious Diarrhea
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11-5
Caused by viruses and bacteria.
Transmitted most often from fecal-oral route.
Infectious diarrhea outbreaks are 2-3 times more
common among children in early childhood group
settings.
Children who wear diapers are 17 times more likely
to experience infectious diarrhea.
Frequent hand washing is critical for prevention.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Respiratory Tract Illnesses
11-6
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Caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi.
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Symptoms include fever, nasal congestion, runny
nose, sore throat, ear pain, cough, difficulty
breathing, rash.
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Frequent hand washing and teaching children how to
cover their coughs are preventative measures.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Skin Infections and Contagious
Rashes
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11-7
Caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi.
Sometimes respiratory tract infections are
associated with skin infections.
Inclusion or exclusion policies for children with skin
rashes are case-dependent.
Frequent hand-washing helps minimize potential
spread.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Important Immunizations
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11-8
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Tetanus
Influenza
Chicken pox and measles
Pertussis or whooping cough
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Controlling the Spread of Disease
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11-9
Hand washing
Conducting daily health checks
Cleaning and sanitizing
Sanitary diapering and toileting procedures
Using standard precautions
Teaching children preventive health practices
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Hand-Washing
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11-10
Before eating or feeding a child, whenever handling
food
Prior to giving medication to a child
Before playing in the water table
After using the toilet
After diapering or helping a child use the toilet
After assisting children to wipe or blow their noises
After contacting body fluids of any kind
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Hand-Washing continued
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11-11
After providing first aid care
After handling animals
After playing in the sandbox
After handling uncooked food, especially raw meat
or poultry
After cleaning or sanitizing
After handling garbage
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Proper Hand-Washing
Use a child sized sink and warm running water.
Provide children with liquid soap.
Show children to turn off faucet with paper towel.
Use three steps for washing babies’ hands:
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2.
3.
11-12
Use first moist paper towel with a small amount of liquid
soap to wipe child’s hands.
Wet a second clean paper towel and use it to wash the
child’s hands, wiping away any soap.
Use a third clean paper towel to dry the child’s hands.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Preventative Messages to Teach
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11-13
How and when to wash my hands
How to blow my nose
How my body gets sick
How my body tells me I am sick
How to cover my cough
How to keep my sickness to myself
How to take care of myself when I am sick
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Vaccines for Preventable Diseases
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11-14
Rare diseases, due to immunizations
Highly contagious
Serious or lethal
Include Pertussis (whooping cough), haemophilus
influenzae type b, chicken pox, measles, tetanus,
influenza, hepatitis A, rotavirus
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Common Communicable and Infectious
Diseases
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11-15
Common colds
Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)
Croup
Group A strep infections
Ear infections
Fifth disease
Pinworms
Respiratory syncytial virus
Tuberculosis
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Common Colds
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11-16
Upper respiratory infections caused by more than
200 viruses.
Spread by sneezing, direct contact through nose
blowing, or contact with germs on surfaces.
Viruses can survive on contaminated objects for up
to several days.
Hand washing and sanitizing procedures are best
preventative methods.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Infections and Acute Illnesses Involving the
Skin
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11-17
Head lice
Scabies
Ringworm
Coxsackie virus (Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease)
Bite wounds
Staph infections
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
What if…
A child in your class bites another child,
breaking the skin?
How would you respond?
11-18
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Managing Lice
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11-19
Not associated with poor hygiene and poverty.
Ensure “head checks” at school.
If head lice are discovered, children do not need to be sent home
immediately.
Parents should be notified so treatment can be implemented.
Treatment for head lice can be over-the-counter shampoos.
Children can return to school after completing treatment.
Teachers should remove all play clothing that touches heads.
All families should be notified so they can monitor their children
for evidence of lice.
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Bloodborne Infections
11-20
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Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Common Diseases among Internationally
Adopted Children
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11-21
Viral hepatitis
Intestinal infections
Tuberculosis
HIV infection
Skin infections
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
What if…
A parent provided you with a bag of
supplements to give their child at lunch?
How would you respond?
11-22
Nutrition, Health, and Safety for Young
Children: Promoting Wellness, 1e
Sorte, Daeschel, Amador
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.