Download Diseases - Solon City Schools

Communicable
Disease
Mr. Surdy
8 East Health
Objectives
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Describe the cause of infectious diseases.
Identify the way in which diseases are spread.
Identify the stages of infectious disease and the factors involved in treatment and
prevention.
Define sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s).
Know how STD’s are spread from one person to another.
Identify the signs, symptoms, and treatments of STD’s.
Describe the symptoms, mode of transmission, testing. And treatment of HIV
infections and AIDS.
Identify behaviors that put a person at risk for contracting HIV and behaviors that
can help to prevent the spread of HIV.
Preventing the Spread of
Communicable Diseases
 Disease- an illness that affects the proper
functioning of the body or mind
 Non-Communicable Diseases- not spread
through contact
 Causes
of Non-Communicable Disease:
How People Live (Lifestyle
Choices)
 Conditions People are Born With
(Heredity, Birth Defects)
 Environmental Hazards
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 Communicable Diseases- diseases that can
be passed from one person to another
 Causes
of Communicable Diseases:
Germs- a microbe (pathogen) that
is harmful to humans.
 Infection- When germs grow,
reproduce, and often produce
poisonous waste products resulting
in an infection.
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Preventing the Spread of
Communicable Diseases
 Types of Germs (Pathogens):
– tiny one-celled organisms that
grow virtually everywhere, can be
harmless or harmful, there are 3 types:
cocci, bacilli, and spirilla
 Bacteria
Preventing the Spread of
Communicable Diseases
 Viruses-
smallest and simplest forms of
life, are very specialized, can only grow
and reproduce in living things
 Rickettsias-
small bacteria that are
spread by the bites of insects, such as
ticks and lice
Preventing the Spread of
Communicable Diseases
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Fungi- are simple life forms that are unable
to make their own food, grow best in warm,
dark, moist areas (ring worm, athletes foot)
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Protozoa- simple animal like organisms,
have the ability to move through fluids in
search of food (Malaria)
Preventing the
Spread of Diseases
 How are Germs Spread?
 Close Contact with a person who has the
germ.
 Direct contact with a person who has the
germ
 Contact with animals
 Other contacts (drink or eat foods that
contain germs)
Preventing the
Spread of Diseases
 How can you prevent the Spread of
Disease?
 Practice
Good Health Habits
 Practice good Health Behaviors to
Protect Yourself Practice Good
Health Habits to Protect Others
The Body’s Defense Against
Germs
 First line of defense
 Tears-
wash germs away from eyes,
contain chemicals that can kill some
germs
 Skin- if the skin is unbroken it acts
as a barrier that germs cannot
penetrate
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 Mucous
Membranes- secrete
mucous that traps germs
 Saliva- washes germs from your
teeth and helps keep the mouth
clean, contains chemicals that kill
germs
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 Gastric
Juice- destroys germs that
enter the stomach through food
and drink
The Body’s Defense Against
Germs
 Main Line of Defense- The Immune
System takes over when germs get
past the 1st Line of Defense
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 Non
specific Response
Phagocytes released by
nearby blood vessels, they
engulf germs and destroy
them
 Fever kills germs that cannot
survive body temp higher than
usual
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The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 Specific
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Immunity
Often gives the body the ability
to remember how to destroy
the same germ if it invades
again. The next time the body
can respond quickly to kill the
germ so you don’t get sick.
The Body’s Defense Against
Germs
 The
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Lymphatic System
A secondary circulatory system
of vessels and nodes that carry
a fluid called lymph
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
Helps maintain balance of fluid
in the body
 Lymph nodes are small lumps
of lymphatic tissue located
throughout the system that act
as filters to keep germs from
invading body tissues
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The Body’s Defense Against Germs
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Specific Immunity carried out
in 2 types of lymphocytes
Lymphocytes- special white
blood cells that circulate in
the lymph
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 B-cells- produce substances that
fight germs, B-cells release
antibodies (proteins that attach
to germs or to the toxins germs
produce, thus preventing the
germ or toxin from harming your
body)
 T-cells- attack germs directly and
stimulate B-cells to work
The Body’s Defense Against
Germs
 You can become immune to a disease by
having that disease.
 Anti-biotics
The Body’s Defense Against Germs
 Immunity and Vaccines
 Vaccine-
a preparation of dead or
weakened germs that is injected
into the body to cause the immune
system to produce antibodies
Common
Communicable Diseases
 The Common Cold
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most common communicable disease, caused by
viruses
 Influenza
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characterized by exhaustion, chills, headache,
body ache, respiratory problems, and fever.
Common
Communicable Diseases
 Hepatitis
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viral disease of the liver characterized by
yellowing of the skin and the whites of the
eyes. Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
 Mononucleosis
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A viral disease that attacks the lymph nodes in
the neck and throat, most common in teens
and young adults.