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Yvette McPheeters, MPH Student
Walden University
PUBH: 6165-2
Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin
Summer, 2010
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Types of Rats and mice (vectors)
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Diseases rodents carry
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Number of disease cases
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How rats and mice act in the environment
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Environmental damages
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Preventive measures
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Norway Rat (sewer rat)
Roof Rat (black rat)
House Mouse
White-Footed Rat
Cotton Rat
Rice Rat
Deer Rat
http://www.cdc.gov/rodents
http://www.animalcontrol.com.au/rodent.htm
Childs et al. (1998)
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Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Rat-bite fever
Lassa Fever (Lassa virus)
Leptospirosis
Murine Typhus
Tapeworms
Favus, Ringworm
Salmoncliosis
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/caseinfo.htm
Frantz, & David, (1991)
Childs, McLafferty, Sadek, Miller, Khan, DuPree, Advani, Mills, & Glass, (1998).
WHO, (2008)
Bonner, Schmidt, Belmain, Oshin, Baglole, & Borchert, (2007)
Chou, Chen, & Liu, (2008)
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The Bubonic Plague
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Lassa Fever
Leptospirosis
Rat-Bite Fever
www.cdc.gov/mmwr
Bonner et al. (2007)
Chou, Chen, & Liu, (2008)
WHO, (2008)
Childs et al. (1998)
 Diet
 Habitat
 Biology
 Physical
Abilities
http://www.animalcontrol.com.au/mice.5.htm
Frantz & Davis, (1991)
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Contact avoidance
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Environmental hygiene practices
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Take precautions to protect against household
exposure to rats and mice
Reduce rodent shelter and sources of food inside and
outside the home environment
Reduce exposure to rats and mice in the workplace
www.cdc.gov/ncidod, (2002)
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Rats and mice are vectors
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These rodents carry over 35 different diseases
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Rat and mice exposure occurs worldwide
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Rodent activity leads to global infestation
and causes global crop damage and economic loss
Taking the necessary precautions can prevent exposure to
rodent-borne diseases
The National Center for Infectious Diseases, MMWR. (2002). Hantavirus
Pulmonary Syndrome—United States: Updated Recommendations for Risk
Reduction. 51(RR-9). Retrieved July 19, 2010 from
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/caseinfo.htm.
Animal Control Technologies (ACTA). (2004). Rat Problems in Australia, Rat
Infestation in Crops. Retrieved July 21, 2010 from
http://www.animalcontrol.com.au/rodent.htm
Animal Control Technologies (ACTA). (2010). Mouse Problems in
Australia: Dealing with Mice Plagues. Retrieved July 21, 2010 from
http://www.animalcontrol.com.au/mice5.htm
Childs, J. E., McLafferty, S. L., Sadek, R., Miller, G. L., Khan, A. S., DuPree,
E. R., Advani, R., Mills, J. N., & Glass, G. E. (1998). Epidemiology of
Rodent Bites and Prediction of Rat Infestation in New York City.
American Journal of Epidemiology. 148(1), 78-87. Retrieved July 19,
2010 from http://aje.oxfordjournals.org
Bonner, P. C., Schmidt, W. P., Belmain, S. R., Oshin, B., Baglole, D., & Borchert,
M. (2007). Poor Housing Quality Increases Risk of Rodent Infestation and
Lassa Fever in Refugee Camps of Sierra Leone. American Journal of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene. 77(1), 169-175. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from
http://www.cdc.gov
Chou, Y. L., Chen, C. S., Liu, C. C. (2008). Leptospirosis in Taiwan, 20012006. Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan. Emerging Infectious
Disease Journal. 14(5). Retrieved July 21, 2010 from
http://www.cdc.gov.eid/content/14/5/856.htm
Makundi, R. H., Bekele, A., Leirs, H., Massawe, A. W., Rwamugira, W., &
Mulungu, L. S. (2005). Farmer’s Perception of Rodents as Crop Pests:
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Rodent Pest Management in Tanzania
and Ethiopia. Belgian Journal of Zoology. 135: 153-157.
The World Health Organization (WHO): Regional Office for South-East Asia.
(2010). Frequently Asked Questions on Plague. Retrieved July 21, 2010 from
http://www.who.org.
National Center for Infectious Disease: Special Pathogens Branch. (2006). All
About Hantaviruses. Rodents That Carry the Types of Hantavirus Which
Cause HPS in the United States: Photographs retrieved July 22, 2010 from
http://www.cdc.hantaviruses.mht
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2010). “Rats Grow Fat
and Happy, Thanks to Mild Sacramento Winters.” Retrieved June 22, 2010
from http://www.earthguardpest.com/blog/?tag=rat-infestation.
Science Daily. (2009). Climate Change Threatens Rice Production. Research
news report retrieved from www.newsdaily.com
Howard University’s CapComm Lab, Earth Conservation Corps, and EPA. (2010).
Educational video: “Infestations Vacations.” available online:
www.epa.gov/pesticides/controlling/rodents.htm#video
White, J. (2003). Habitat Manipulation and Rodent Damage Control: Reducing
Rodent Damage in Australian Macadamia Orchards. Singleton, G. R., Hinds,
L. A., Krebs, C. J., & Spratt, D. M., Rats, Mice and People: Rodent Biology and
Management. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research (ACIAR), 213-216.
Langton, S. (2001). The Occurrence of Commensal Rodents in Dwellings As
Revealed by the 1996 English House Condition Survey. Journal of Applied
Ecology. 38: 669-709.
National Institute of Environmental Health (NIH). (2005). Association
of Housing Disrepair Indicators with Cockroach and Rodent
Infestations in a Cohort of Pregnant Latina Women and Their
Children. Environmental Health Perspectives. 113(12). Document
available:
http://find.galegroup.com.ezp.waldenlibrary.org/gtx/retrieve.do?co
ntentset=IAC-Documents. Gale document Number: A140487323
National Association of Realtors. (1996). I Thought a Saw a Rat: (Rat
Control). Journal of Property Management. Document available
online:
http://find.galegroup.com.ezp.waldenlibrary.org/gtx/retrieve.do?co
ntentSet=IAC-Document