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RAD 113 Practice Test Specialized Imaging Procedures This is a sampling of questions which should assist you in studying. • In the eight step verification process a “Time Out” includes what verbal steps? – Correct patient – Correct procedure – Correct procedure site • What aspects of the procedure are necessary for an informed consent to be legal? – Complete explanation of procedure – Potential risks and complications – Suggested alternatives – Benefits of procedure • Name the 5 parts of the brain – Cerebrum – largest and divided by lobes – Cerebellum – posterior and inferior part – Midbrain – stem like and connects cerebrum to pons – Pons- motor control and sensory – Medulla – upper portion of spinal cord- relays nerves • Name the divisions of the midbrain – Diencephalon – Thalamus • Located within the brain are four fluid filled cavities. Name them: • 2 Lateral ventricles • Third ventricle • Fourth ventricle – directly posterior to pons • Where is the foramen of Munro is located? – Between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle • Where is the cerebral aqueduct located? – Between the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle • Name the three layers of the meninges – Dura mater – Arachnoid – Pia mater • What space divides the dura and arachnoid layers? • Subdural space • What space divides the cranium and the dura mater? • Epidural space • Describe the structure of a fibrocartilage disc? • Nucleus pulposus – inner gelatinous • Annulus fibrosus – outer fibrous • List six indications for myelography • • • • • • Spondylosis – arthritic changes Spondylolisthesis – forward slippage of vertebra Herniated disc – weakened disc with protrusion Tumors – spinal cord Trauma – any injury Degenerative disc disease – common aging process • Discuss the difference between radiculitis and radiculopathy? • Radiculitis is inflammation of spinal nerves • Radiculopathy is disease of the nerve root causing decreased function (pain, weakness, etc) • Give several characteristics of a spinal (lumbar) puncture procedure with fluoro. • • • • • Patient prone with bolus under abdomen Sterile technique and prep Spinal needle placed under fluoro L3-4 disc interspace is used May have labs ordered to collect CSF or myelogram performed. • What procedure surgically removes small segments of a disc to relieve nerve compression? • Microdiscectomy • Name four common blood thinners or anticoagulants. • • • • Coumadin Plavix Aspirin Heparin • Describe how contrast is distributed to all levels of the spinal canal. – It flows within the subarachnoid space following injection – The table is angled and gravity causes it to flow toward thoracic and cervical levels – The head and neck are hyperextended to prevent flow into ventricles • What causes headache, dizziness and nausea following a myelogram? • CSF leakage • Describe the post procedure instructions for a myelogram – Head elevated 30-45 degrees for 12 hours – Head flat for 12 more hours – Bed rest for 48 hours – No heavy lifting or bending – Increase fluids • Which non-invasive imaging modality provides excellent images of soft tissue? – MRI • Which is best for bony structures (canal stenosis)? – CT Arthrograms • List five types of injections used for arthrography? • Isovue • Air • Gadolidium - MRI • Anesthetic (pain) • Steroid (anti inflammatory) • Define the following: – Meniscus – Tendon – Ligament – Synovial capsule • Name the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. – Teres minor – Subscapularis – Supraspinatus – Infraspinatus • List indications for performing arthrography • • • • Pain Swelling Torn ligaments, tendons, meniscus Weakness • Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for performing arthrography? • Pain • Infection • Allergy to contrast • Taking blood thinners • Pregnant • What are common radiographic findings in the knee? – Torn meniscus, torn ACL or PCL • Hip? – Hip prosthesis dislocation, infection • Shoulder? – Torn rotator cuff Sialogram • Name each of the salivary ducts and the adjacent gland. – Stenson’s – Wharton’s – Duct of Rivinus • What is a lemon used for in sialography? – Sialogogue – secretory stimulant • What images are performed? – PA and axiolateral oblique mandible images Hysterosalpingogram • Give the definition • List contraindications for performing • Name seven indications for performing a hysterosalpingogram – – – – – – – Infertility Check Essure contraceptive Habitual abortions Abnormal bleeding Absence of menses Blockage of uterine tubes Locate polyps, tumors or fistulas • What is the safety rule for performing hysterosalpingography? – Must be performed within 10 days of onset of menstruation (day 5-10) • What is another name for long bone measurement? – Orthoroentgenogram • Where is the ruler placed for the exam? – Between the lower limbs