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Chapter 21 -The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Overview of the
Cardiovascular
System and the
Pericardium
The Heart
Wall
Orientation and
Superficial
Heart Anatomy
Internal
Anatomy and
Organization
of the Heart
The Cardiac
Cycle
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FINAL ROUND
Topic 1:
$100 Question
Which of the following structures are known as
“exchange vessels” due to the exchange of
nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products
which occur through their walls?
a. veins
b. capillaries
c. arterioles
d. venules
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$100 Answer
Which of the following structures are known as
“exchange vessels” due to the exchange of
nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products
which occur through their walls?
a. veins
b. capillaries
c. arterioles
d. venules
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Question
Which of the following consists of loose
connective tissue that is bound to the
cardiac muscle tissue of the heart?
a. fibrous pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. pericardial sac
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Answer
Which of the following consists of loose
connective tissue that is bound to the
cardiac muscle tissue of the heart?
a. fibrous pericardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. parietal pericardium
d. pericardial sac
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Question
Which of the following statements regarding the
cardiovascular system is/are true?
a. The right atrium collects blood from the
pulmonary circuit.
b. The right ventricle ejects blood into the
systemic circuit.
c. When the heart beats, the atria contract
first, followed by the ventricles.
d. All of the above are true.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding the
cardiovascular system is/are true?
a. The right atrium collects blood from the
pulmonary circuit.
b. The right ventricle ejects blood into the
systemic circuit.
c. When the heart beats, the atria contract
first, followed by the ventricles.
d. All of the above are true.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Question
Which of the following structures are, together,
called the “pericardial sac?”
a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
b. parietal pericardium and myocardium
c. fibrous pericardium, parietal
pericardium, and myocardium
d. fibrous pericardium and parietal
pericardium
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Answer
Which of the following structures are, together,
called the “pericardial sac?”
a. fibrous pericardium and myocardium
b. parietal pericardium and myocardium
c. fibrous pericardium, parietal
pericardium, and myocardium
d. fibrous pericardium and parietal
pericardium
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Topic 1:
$500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding
pericardial fluid is/are true?
a. The pericardial cavity normally contains
30-50 ml of pericardial fluid.
b. Pericardial fluid acts as a lubricant,
reducing friction between the opposing
surfaces.
c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the
myocardium.
d. All of the above are true.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding
pericardial fluid is/are true?
a. The pericardial cavity normally contains
30-50 ml of pericardial fluid.
b. Pericardial fluid acts as a lubricant,
reducing friction between the opposing
surfaces.
c. Pericardial fluid is secreted by the
myocardium.
d. All of the above are true.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Question
The myocardium is/does not:
a. contain layers of cardiac muscle tissue
that form figure-eights as they pass form
atrium to atrium.
b. associated with connective tissues and
nerves.
c. continuous with the endothelium of the
attached blood vessels.
d. consist of multiple, interlocking layers of
cardiac muscle tissue.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Answer
The myocardium is/does not:
a. contain layers of cardiac muscle tissue
that form figure-eights as they pass form
atrium to atrium.
b. associated with connective tissues and
nerves.
c. continuous with the endothelium of the
attached blood vessels.
d. consist of multiple, interlocking layers of
cardiac muscle tissue.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Question
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac
muscle tissue is/are false?
a. Cardiac muscle cells are almost totally
dependent on anaerobic respiration to obtain
the energy needed to continue contracting.
b. The circulatory supply of cardiac muscle tissue
is more extensive than that of skeletal muscle
tissue.
c. The relatively short T-tubules of cardiac muscle
do not form triads with the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
ANSWER
d. b and c
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac
muscle tissue is/are false?
a. Cardiac muscle cells are almost totally
dependent on anaerobic respiration to obtain
the energy needed to continue contracting.
b. The circulatory supply of cardiac muscle tissue
is more extensive than that of skeletal muscle
tissue.
c. The relatively short T-tubules of cardiac muscle
do not form triads with the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
d. b and c
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Question
Which of the following structures in cardiac
muscle are bound together by
desmosomes (macula adherens)?
a. T-tubules
b. sarcolemmae
c. myofibrils
d. intercalated discs
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Answer
Which of the following structures in cardiac
muscle are bound together by
desmosomes (macula adherens)?
a. T-tubules
b. sarcolemmae
c. myofibrils
d. intercalated discs
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$400 Question
Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one
another via which of the following ways?
a. mechanically, chemically, and
electrically
b. chemically and electrically only
c. mechanically and electrically only
d. mechanically and chemically only
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$400 Answer
Cardiac muscle cells are connected to one
another via which of the following ways?
a. mechanically, chemically, and
electrically
b. chemically and electrically only
c. mechanically and electrically only
d. mechanically and chemically only
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Question
Which of the following is not a function of the
fibrous skeleton of the heart?
a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
b. It physically isolates the atrial muscle
cells from the ventricular muscle cells.
c. It provides physical support for the
cardiocytes and for the blood vessels
and nerves in the epicardium.
d. All of the above are functions of the
fibrous skeleton.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Answer
Which of the following is not a function of the
fibrous skeleton of the heart?
a. It distributes the forces of contraction.
b. It physically isolates the atrial muscle
cells from the ventricular muscle cells.
c. It provides physical support for the
cardiocytes and for the blood vessels
and nerves in the epicardium.
d. All of the above are functions of the
fibrous skeleton.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Question
A large percentage of the sternocostal
surface of the heart is comprised by the:
a. left ventricle
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. right atrium
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Answer
A large percentage of the sternocostal
surface of the heart is comprised by the:
a. left ventricle
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. right atrium
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Question
The ____ of the heart sits posterior to the
sternum at the level of the ____ costal
cartilage, centered about 1.2 cm to the left
side.
a. apex, fifth
b. base, third
c. apex, fourth
d. base, fifth
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Answer
The ____ of the heart sits posterior to the
sternum at the level of the ____ costal
cartilage, centered about 1.2 cm to the left
side.
a. apex, fifth
b. base, third
c. apex, fourth
d. base, fifth
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Question
Which of the following mainly forms the
inferior border of the heart?
a. the inferior walls of both ventricles
b. the inferior wall of the left ventricle
c. the posterior interventricular sulcus
d. the inferior wall of the right ventricle
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Answer
Which of the following mainly forms the
inferior border of the heart?
a. the inferior walls of both ventricles
b. the inferior wall of the left ventricle
c. the posterior interventricular sulcus
d. the inferior wall of the right ventricle
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$400 Question
The connective tissue of which layer of the
heart at the coronary and interventricular
sulci usually contains substantial amounts
of adipose tissue?
a. epicardium
b. myocardium
c. endocardium
d. fibrous pericardium
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$400 Answer
The connective tissue of which layer of the
heart at the coronary and interventricular
sulci usually contains substantial amounts
of adipose tissue?
a. epicardium
b. myocardium
c. endocardium
d. fibrous pericardium
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Question
Which structure marks the border between
the atria and the ventricles?
a. anterior interventricular sulcus
b. interatrial groove
c. coronary sulcus
d. posterior interventricular sulcus
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Answer
Which structure marks the border between
the atria and the ventricles?
a. anterior interventricular sulcus
b. interatrial groove
c. coronary sulcus
d. posterior interventricular sulcus
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Question
Blood flows from the ascending aorta
through the aortic arch into which of the
following?
a. ascending aorta
b. aortic sinuses
c. descending aorta
d. right and left coronary arteries
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Answer
Blood flows from the ascending aorta
through the aortic arch into which of the
following?
a. ascending aorta
b. aortic sinuses
c. descending aorta
d. right and left coronary arteries
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Question
The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a
smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch called the
___, which ends at the ____.
a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
b. ligamentum arteriosum, tricuspid valve
c. conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve
d. conus arteriosus, tricuspid valve
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Answer
The superior end of the right ventricle tapers to a
smooth-walled, cone-shaped pouch called the
___, which ends at the ____.
a. ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary valve
b. ligamentum arteriosum, tricuspid valve
c. conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve
d. conus arteriosus, tricuspid valve
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Question
Which structures associated with the atrioventricular
(AV) valves play an important role in the normal
function of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
b. chordae tendineae and pectinate muscles
c. trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Answer
Which structures associated with the atrioventricular
(AV) valves play an important role in the normal
function of the AV valves during the cardiac cycle?
a. pectinate muscles and papillary muscles
b. chordae tendineae and pectinate muscles
c. trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Question
Which vessel branches off the ascending
aorta, turns to the right, and passes
between the right auricle and the
pulmonary trunk?
a. great cardiac vein
b. right coronary artery
c. circumflex branch
d. left coronary artery
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Answer
Which vessel branches off the ascending
aorta, turns to the right, and passes
between the right auricle and the
pulmonary trunk?
a. great cardiac vein
b. right coronary artery
c. circumflex branch
d. left coronary artery
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Question
A small branch near the base of which
vessel penetrates the atrial wall to reach
the sinoatrial (SA) node?
a. right coronary artery
b. left coronary artery
c. coronary sinus
d. great cardiac vein
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Answer
A small branch near the base of which
vessel penetrates the atrial wall to reach
the sinoatrial (SA) node?
a. right coronary artery
b. left coronary artery
c. coronary sinus
d. great cardiac vein
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Question
During ventricular systole:
a. the atrioventricular valves open.
b. ventricular pressure exceeds
arterial pressure.
c. atrial systole begins.
d. All of the above.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Answer
During ventricular systole:
a. the atrioventricular valves open.
b. ventricular pressure exceeds
arterial pressure.
c. atrial systole begins.
d. All of the above.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Question
Regarding the conducting system of the heart,
the signal for contraction passes from the
sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node via
which of the following?
a. cardiac pacemaker cells
b. bundle of His (HIS)
c. Purkinje fibers
d. internodal pathways
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Answer
Regarding the conducting system of the heart,
the signal for contraction passes from the
sinoatrial node to the atrioventricular node via
which of the following?
a. cardiac pacemaker cells
b. bundle of His (HIS)
c. Purkinje fibers
d. internodal pathways
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Question
Which of the following statements regarding
heart contraction is/are false?
a. The atria contract together, before the
ventricles.
b. The ventricles contract together in a wave
that begins at the base and spreads
toward the apex.
c. The stimulus for a contraction is
generated at the sinoatrial (SA) node.
d. None of the above is false.
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding
heart contraction is/are false?
a. The atria contract together, before the
ventricles.
b. The ventricles contract together in a
wave that begins at the base and
spreads toward the apex.
c. The stimulus for a contraction is
generated at the sinoatrial (SA) node.
d. None of the above is false.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Question
Regarding the electrocardiogram, which of
the following indicates ventricular
repolarization?
a. P-wave
b. QRS-complex
c. T-wave
d. (a) and (c)
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Answer
Regarding the electrocardiogram, which of
the following indicates ventricular
repolarization?
a. P-wave
b. QRS-complex
c. T-wave
d. (a) and (c)
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding
autonomic control of the heart rate is/are true?
a. Cardiac centers in the pons contain the
autonomic centers for cardiac control.
b. Stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center
governs the activities of parasympathetic
neurons.
c. The cardiac centers receive input from the
hypothalamic sympathetic and
parasympathetic centers.
ANSWER
d. (b) and (c)
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding
autonomic control of the heart rate is/are true?
a. Cardiac centers in the pons contain the
autonomic centers for cardiac control.
b. Stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center
governs the activities of parasympathetic
neurons.
c. The cardiac centers receive input from the
hypothalamic sympathetic and
parasympathetic centers.
d. (b) and (c)
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Which of the following indicates the correct order of steps of the movement
of the contractile stimulus through the heart?
1 - The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV
bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers, and, via the
moderator band, to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle.
2 - Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV node.
3 - SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
4 - The impulse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the
ventricular myocardium.
5 - There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node.
a.
3-1-2-5-4
b.
3-5-2-1-4
c.
4-1-5-2-3
d.
3-2-5-1-4
ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Answer
Which of the following indicates the correct order of steps of the movement
of the contractile stimulus through the heart?
1 - The impulse travels along the interventricular septum within the AV
bundle and the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers, and, via the
moderator band, to the papillary muscles of the right ventricle.
2 - Stimulus spreads across the atrial surfaces and reaches the AV node.
3 - SA node activity and atrial activation begin.
4 - The impulse is distributed by Purkinje fibers and relayed throughout the
ventricular myocardium.
5 - There is a 100-msec delay at the AV node.
a.
3-1-2-5-4
b.
3-5-2-1-4
c.
4-1-5-2-3
d.
3-2-5-1-4
BACK TO GAME