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Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 20, part 1
The Heart
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
Learning Objectives
• Describe the organization of the cardiovascular
system.
• Describe the location and general features of the
heart, including the pericardium.
• Discuss the differences between nodal cells and
conducting cells and describe the components and
functions of the conducting system of the heart.
• Identify the electrical events associated with a
normal electrocardiogram.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• Explain the events of the cardiac cycle including
atrial and ventricular systole and diastole, and
relate the heart sounds to specific events in the
cycle.
• Define cardiac output, heart rate and stroke
volume and describe the factors that influence
these variables.
• Explain how adjustments in stroke volume and
cardiac output are coordinated at different levels
of activity.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 20-1
Organization of the Cardiovascular System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The cardiovascular system is divided into two
circuits
• Pulmonary circuit
• blood to and from the lungs
• System circuit
• blood to and from the rest of the body
• Vessels carry the blood through the circuits
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart
• Veins carry blood to the heart
• Capillaries permit exchange
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.1 An Overview of the Cardiovascular
System
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Figure 20.1
SECTION 20-2
Anatomy of the Heart
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The pericardia
• Visceral pericardium or epicardium
• Parietal pericardium
• Pericardial fluid
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.2 The Location of the Heart in the
Thoracic Cavity
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Figure 20.2a, b
Figure 20.2 The Location of the Heart in the
Thoracic Cavity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.2c
Superficial Anatomy of the Heart
• The heart consists of four chambers
• Two atria and two ventricles
• Major blood vessels of the heart include
• Inferior and superior vena cavae
• Aorta and pulmonary trunk
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.3 The Superficial Anatomy of the
Heart
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.3a
Figure 20.3 The Superficial Anatomy of the
Heart
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Figure 20.3b, c
The Heart Wall
• Components of the heart wall include
• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium
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Figure 20.4 The Heart Wall
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Figure 20.4
Figure 20.5 The Heart Wall and Cardiac Muscle
Cells
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.5a-c
Internal Anatomy and Organization
• Atria
• Thin walled chambers that receive blood from
the vena cavae
• Ventricles
• Thick walled chambers separated from the
atria by AV valves
• Chordae tendineae
• Tendinous fibers attached to the AV valves
• Papillary muscle and trabeculae carneae
• Muscular projections on the inner wall of
ventricles
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Blood flow through the heart
• Right atria
• Tricuspid valve
• Right ventricle
• Pulmonary valve
• Pulmonary circuit
• Left atria
• Bicuspid valve
• Left ventricle
• Aortic valve
• Aorta and systemic circuit
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.6 The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart
PLAY
Animation: Diagrammatic Frontal Section through the Heart
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Figure 20.6a, b
Figure 20.6 The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 20.6c