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The Circulatory System QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Learning Goals QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Learn key components of the circulatory system and their roles in the body: - red blood cells - white blood cells - platelets - plasma - veins - arteries - capillaries • Understand & know the path that blood takes in the circulatory system Circulatory System Purpose: Transport substances throughout the body (blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, enzymes, etc.) Consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels The Heart • 4 chambers QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • Main function is to pump blood around the body • Special group of cells called “pacemaker cells” send signals to the brain. The brain then tells the heart to contract (control of heart rate) • The heart is made up of muscular tissue Red Blood Cells Description: - make up half our blood volume - Bright red - No nucleus Function: - contain hemoglobin, a protein that picks up oxygen and carbon dioxide QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. White Blood Cells Description: - make up only 1% of blood volume Function: - fight and destroy disease-causing bacteria and viruses Platelets Description: - small cells - Make up less than 1% of blood volume QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Function: - help blood clot, seal wounds and stop bleeding. Plasma Description: - the protein-rich liquid in which blood cells float. - makes up half of our blood volume Function: - carries blood cells - Dissolves wastes, nutrients and hormones Anemia • When an individual has fewer red blood cells than normal, and/or less iron than normal. Iron is required by red blood cells to bind to oxygen and transport it to other cells in the body. • Symptoms of Anemia: - fatigue (feeling tired) - light headedness - dizziness - headaches - trouble concentrating Veins Description: - large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart (low pressure) **Veins always go TOWARDS the heart Veins always contain de-oxygenated blood (no oxygen) EXCEPT for the pulmonary vein!! Arteries Description: - large, muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under pressure **Arteries always go AWAY from the heart Arteries always contain oxygenated blood EXCEPT for the pulmonary artery!! Capillaries Description: Thin-walled blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between the blood and body tissues FAQ QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncomp resse d) de com press or are nee ded to s ee this picture. • Is blood able to go “the wrong way?” - No because arteries run under constant pressure pushing blood in the correct directions. - Veins run under low pressure, but have valves to stop the backflow of blood from occurring. FAQ 2 • Why do some athletes try to get away with blood doping? - “blood doping” is the process of adding RBC’s to a person’s normal blood volume. As we know, RBC’s carry oxygen to working cells. So by adding more RBC’s to the blood volume, the person is able to carry more oxygen to their working tissues (active muscles). The RBC pathway! Blood moves through the circulatory system in a closed pathway. Blood passes through the heart twice (once through the right side, once through the left side). Don not forget that when you look at an anatomical diagram, the left and right sides are opposite! - Right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygen. - Blood absorbs oxygen and “gets rid of ” carbon dioxide at the lungs (site of gas exchange) - Oxygenated blood then travels back to the left side of the heart - Blood passes through right atrium, then right ventricle of heart - Aorta (major artery) pumps blood from the heart to all other parts of the body - Arteries delivery blood to tissue - Capillaries are found at the end of arteriole beds and oxygen is released to tissue - Carbon dioxide is then picked up by the blood - Veins carry blood back to the right side of the heart ( right atrium, right ventricle) - Blood is then pumped back towards the lungs through the pulmonary artery to get oxygen again - Start again! Game time • • • • • • • • • Ball = red blood cells Lungs Right ventricle Left ventricle Right atrium Left atrium Veins Arteries Capillaries elsewhere in the body (muscles, digestive system, brain, skin, etc.) Scenarios • • • • Normal, basic pathway Increased heart rate (running) Holding your breath Explain interaction between heart rate and breathing rate (circulatory system & respiratory system) Worksheet