Download Option B Finale

Option B2&3
Training and the cardiovascular &
pulmonary systems
Define
• Total Lung Capacity - The total amount of air
your lungs can hold after forced inhalation.
• Vital Capacity - Maximum amount of air you can
expel (using a forced exhalation) after forced
inhalation.
• Tidal Volume - Amount of air inhaled and
exhaled normally.
• Ventilation Rate- The rate at which air enters
and leaves lungs
Measuring Pulmonary Function
Explain the need for increase in
TV and VR during exercise
Ventilation Rate (VR) – the process of bringing
fresh air into the alveoli and removing stale
air
Exercise increases the ventilation rate and
tidal volume
Maintains high conc. gradient of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the appropriate locations
Effects of training on ventilation
cont’d
• Training involves repeating exercises that
bring the body into a desired state of
fitness
• It reduces ventilation rate at rest due to
increased efficiency of oxygen absorption
and carbon dioxide excretion
VR and TV cont’d
• Increases with training due to the
strengthening of the diaphragm and
intercostal muscles
• Vital capacity increase is marginal at best
Measuring heart function
• Heart Rate
• the number of times your heart beats in a
minute
Stroke Volume – the volume of blood pumped out
with each ventricular contraction
Heart Function Cont’d
• Cardiac Output = the volume of blood
pumped out by the heart per minute
• Venous Return = the volume of blood
returning to the heart via the veins per
minute
Effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system
• 1. venous return increases
• 2. c.o. increases as a result of increased stroke
volume but primarily heart rate…… due to
increased carbon dioxide production during
exercise, which in turn lowers blood
pH…..detected by chemoreceptors, info sent to
brain…nervous stimulation of pacemaker
increases h.r.
Distribution of blood during
exercise
• Receive more:
• Receive less:
• Skin
• Heart wall &
• Kidneys, stomach,
intestines.
• Brain receives same
all the time
Effects of training on heart
• Can increase the thickness of the heart wall
and the volume of the ventricles = increased
stroke volume at rest and play
• Can reduce heart rate at rest to 50
beats/min….due to increased s.v.
• At any level of exercise h.r. is lower after
training due to increase in s.v.
• Max h.r. not greatly effected by training BUT
due to increased s.v. athletes can perform at
greater intensities
ERYTHROPOIETIN
• A glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the
production of red blood cells by stem cells
in bone marrow.
• Produced mainly by the kidneys, it is
released in response to decreased levels
of oxygen in body tissue.
Risks and Benefits of EPO
• Increasing PVC (packed cell volume)…a
measurement of r.b.c. as a proportion of
blood volume by using EPO increases overall
oxygen load the blood can carry = greater
anaerobic respiration and muscle contraction
• Risk = thrombosis =