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The Respiratory and Circulatory System What is Respiration? • The process in which the body brings in Oxygen and gets rid of Carbon Dioxide. Respiratory System • Includes: – The Pharynx – The Larynx – The Trachea – The Bronchi – The Lungs – The Diaphragm Organs • Pharynx- A tube-like passage used by food, liquid and air. • Larynx- Airway to which the vocal cords are attached. Organs • Trachea- Tube that connects the Larynx to the lungs. • Bronchi- Two short tubes that branch into the left and right lungs. Lungs • Organs that take in Oxygen and release Carbon Dioxide. • Contain Alveoli- Tiny grapelike clusters where Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide changes place. Organs • Diaphragm- Muscles beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes every time you breath. – This helps to pump the lungs allowing Oxygen to enter and Carbon Dioxide to leave. Respiratory Disease • Lung Cancer- Smoking is the leading cause of Lung Cancer. • Bronchitis- Inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes. – Causes shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing to bring up mucus. • Emphysema- Damage to the Alveoli that results in breathing problems and coughing. Respiratory Disease • Asthma- Inflammation of the Respiratory System resulting in wheezing and shortness of breath. –Triggers- Allergens such as pollen, dust and cigarette smoke. What is Circulation? • The process by which nutrients and oxygen are taken to cells, and carbon dioxide and waste are taken from cells. Cardiovascular System • Includes: –The Heart –Blood Vessels –Blood The Heart • The Heart pumps blood throughout the body. • Atriums- The upper chambers of the heart. • Ventricles- The lower chambers of the heart. Types of Circulation • Coronary Circulation- Supplies the heart with blood. • Pulmonary Circulation- Supplies the lungs with blood. • Systemic Circulation- Supplies the body with blood. Vessels • Arteries- Carries blood away from the heart. • Veins- Carries blood towards the heart. • Capillaries- Where arteries and veins connect. –Capillaries are very thin so O2 and CO2 can diffuse into and out of the cells. What Makes up Blood? • Plasma- The liquid part of Blood- Mostly water. • Platelets- Cell fragments that helps blood clot. • Red Blood Cells- Transport O2 and CO2 throughout the body. – Contains Hemoglobin- Molecule that carries O2 and CO2. • White Blood Cells- Used to fight off infections. Function of Blood • Transports O2 and CO2 throughout the body. • Carries waste to the Kidneys. • Carries food nutrients to our cells. • Fight infections and heal wounds. Blood Types • • • • A B AB O Cardiovascular Diseases • Hemophilia- Disease that prevents people’s blood from clotting. • Anemia- Disease where not enough oxygen gets to the body cells. • Leukemia- Disease where the body makes too many white blood cells. • Arteriosclerosis- When fat deposits build up inside arteries. • Hypertension- When blood pressure is too high, making the heart work over-time. Preventing Cardiovascular Disease • Good diet, reduced stress, exercising and not smoking can reduce the chance of Cardiovascular Disease. Working Together • The Circulatory and Respiratory System work together to give Oxygen to all our body cells, and to get rid of Carbon Dioxide. Lymphatic System • Carries Lymph throughout the Lymph System and helps to fight off infections. • Lymph- Fluid from our tissue that has drained into the Lymphatic System. • Lymphocytes- Are White Blood Cells that help to fight off infections. • Lymph Nodes- Filter bacteria making it easier to fight them with White Blood Cells.