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Applications of Immunology to Medicine. Some Biochemical Structures Folder Title: ImmunMed Updated: December 03, 2015 General Applications to Medicine Diagnosis Imaging Clinical Laboratory Assays Highly Specific Identification Highly Sensitive Quantitation In Situ Tagging in Whole Cells and Intact Tissues Vaccinations Immune Therapy Specific Areas of Immunology and Medicine Reacts too Much or Inappropriately. Allergy/Hypersensitivity Reacts against Self. Auto-Immune Diseases Fails to React when it Should. Immune Deficiency Diseases Reacts when we don't want it to. Transplantation Immunology Protects Against Exogenous Pathogens. Infectious Disease Immunity • • • • Viruses Bacteria and Protozoans Fungi Insects and Worms Anti-viral immunity Anti-microbial immunity Anti-fungal immunity Anti-parasitic immunity Protects Against Pathogenic Self. Tumor Immunology Making It Do Its Job Better. Immune Medicine • • • • Making It Protect Better Suppressing It Augmenting It. Immunity-based Medicinal Agents Vaccines Immuno-suppressive Drugs Immune Adjuvants Monoclonal Antibodies; Cytokines Immunologically-active Chemical Mediators and Pharmacological Agents Always check-out the organic chemical structures of pharmacologically active agents. They can be more than just unintelligible names. L-tryptophan has COOH group here. (No –OH in the indole ring Serotonin en.wikipedia.org •Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals, including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness. •Chemical formula: C10H12N2O •Chemical structure: C1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=CN2)CCN •IUPAC ID: 5-Hydroxytryptamine Histidine has COOH group here Histamine (decarboxylated Histidine) L-tyrosine has COOH group here. Only one hydroxyl Epinephrine group in the •Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Epinephrine has many functions in the body, regulating heart rate, • blood vessel and air passage diameters, and metabolic shifts; para-position • epinephrine release is a crucial component of the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic ne… Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Epinephrine has many functions in the body, regulating heart rate, blood vessel and on the phenyl air passage diameters, and metabolic shifts; epinephrine release is a crucial component of the fight-or-flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. In chemical terms, epinephrine is one of a group of monoamines called the catecholamines. ring It is produced in some neurons of the central nervous system, and in the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. •Brand names: EpiPen · Adrenaclick · Medihaler-Epi · Twinject •May treat: Anaphylaxis · Cardiac arrest · Asthma · Allergy · Ventricular fibrillation · Bradycardia · Ventricular tachycardia · Septic shock · Hypotension · Heart block · Airway obstruction · Open-angle glaucoma •Drug classes: Catecholamine · Beta-adrenergic agonist · Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Me Me CH2 CH3 CH2 Me Acetylcholine en.wikipedia.org Acetylcholine is an organic molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter in many organisms, including humans. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline, with chemical formula CH3COO(CH2)2NMe3+ and systematic name 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Choline is hydroyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium (protonated at neutral pH)