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The Heart By: Erin Sawyers Anatomy Blood Flow Sinus Rhythm Normal rhythm of a healthy heart Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural pacemaker Normal cardiac impulses start there and are transmitted to the atria and down to the ventricles Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min. Cardiovascular Disease Arrhythmia Heart Attack Stroke Aortic Stenosis Coronary Artery Disease Hypertension Rheumatic Fever/Heart Disease Congestive Heart Failure Arrhythmias BRADYCARDIA: Heart rate lower than normal Less than 60 beats/min. Caused by aging, some medications, or diseases that cause damage to hearts electrical system Bradycardia: Symptoms Asymptomatic or: Dizzy Drop in blood pressure Lightheaded Tired Chest Pain Shortness of breath Bradycardia: Treatment Treatment depends on cause If no symptoms present, then no treatment is given Pacemaker may be used for treatment If for some reason severe bradycardia is not treated, it can lead to other serious problems, including fainting and injuries from fainting, seizures, and death. Tachycardia Heart rate higher than normal 100-180 beats/min as occurs during exercise or other conditions that lead to increased SA nodal firing rate Caused by heart disease, an overactive thyroid gland, fever, or by drinking alcohol or caffeinated beverages Tachycardia: Symptoms Breathlessness Upset stomach Chest pain Weakness Fainting spells Tachycardia: Treatment SELF HELP: Splash face with cold water Take a slow drink of water Holding your breath ADVANCED TREATMENT (PHYSICAIN): Medication Apply pressure to arteries PVC’s Premature Ventricular Contraction The ventricles fire an early impulse which causes the heart to beat earlier causing irregularity in the heart rhythm. Commonly caused by excessive caffeine intake, high blood pressure, heart attacks, and some medications PVC’s Usually harmless except with pre-existing disease Common in teens in young adults Early or extra heartbeats Feeling that the heart “Skips a beat” PVC’s: Symptoms Can be asymptomatic Palpitations in chest and neck Weakness Dizziness Syncope (Fainting) Feeling that the heart briefly stopped PVC’s: Treatment If asymptomatic no treatment is necessary If they are frequent or symptomatic medication may be recommended Heart Murmur Lubb dubb dubb Swishing or whistling sound Caused by defective heart valves Can be caused by heart attack, hypertension, fever, or anemia Some can be harmless Heart Attack Myocardial Infarction Occurs when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked. If blood flow is completely cut off, part of the heart muscle begins to die. Heart Attack Sudden and Intense Warning Signs: Chest discomfort Shortness of breath Nausea Lightheadedness Stroke Caused by the clogging of the blood vessel that supplies oxygen to the brain. Can also be caused by the rupture of the vessel Effects are sudden and immediate Stroke Warning Signs: Numbness Confusion Trouble seeing Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance Sudden severe headache Aortic Stenosis Caused by normal “wear and tear” Symptoms include: Shortness of breath, chest pain, blackout spells, lightheaded Diagnosed Question by Echocardiograms is not whether to do surgery, but when Coronary Artery Disease America’s number 1 killer arteries that supply blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced causing the muscle to not receive the amount of oxygen needed Can contribute to heart failure and arrhythmias Hypertension High blood pressure The danger is that you usually can’t tell if you have high blood pressure No signs and no one knows what causes it Can lead to hardened arteries, heart failure, stroke, or heart attacks Rheumatic Fever/ Heart Disease Serious inflammatory condition Symptoms generally appear within five weeks after untreated strep throat Interferes with normal blood flow to heart Symptoms include: weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain. No cure Now has become relatively uncommon Congestive Heart Failure Heart can’t pump enough blood Signs: Fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular heart beat, coughing or wheezing , and fluid retention Develops after other cardiac conditions have damaged or weakened your heart. Women vs. CVD Claims more women’s lives than the next five causes of death combined!! About 500,000 women’s lives a year Risk increases with age. Over 45 million women were 50 and older. Lives CVD claimed: 483,842 Cancer: 267,902 Still, some believe that CVD is not a real problem for women.
